RecreationBench / android /oliexdev-openscale /tests /android_testgen_kit.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Android TestGen Kit — the single source of every test helper, so a test's
NAVIGATION DEPTH and JUMP RIGOR are DECLARED (not inferred), uniformly recorded,
and self-auditable.
LOCATION AT RUNTIME: alongside the generated test files (testgen: $TESTGEN_DIR/eval/,
eval: the restored eval dir). READ-ONLY — never edit, copy, or reimplement it.
`import` it from every test file:
import os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
from android_testgen_kit import * # noqa: F403
WHY THIS EXISTS
Helpers used to be re-emitted verbatim into every generated test file (~370
lines x 6 files). That blew the output-token ceiling, forced a "write the script
in pieces" protocol, let each copy drift, and duplicated one API key into every
file. Everything mechanical now lives here; prompts carry only judgement.
Two orthogonal properties decide whether a suite really exercises an app:
* navigation DEPTH — how many SURFACES you cross before the assertion
(0 = first screen, 1 = one page/dialog/sheet, 2+ = deeper)
* jump RIGOR — what the assertion after the trigger actually checks
Prose alone let these drift, so every behavioral test DECLARES both:
@and_test(expects=("interaction_create_note", "interaction_create_note_vlm"))
def test_create_note():
...
record("interaction_create_note", ok, "behavior_wrong: ...",
depth=1, jump_kind="value", expect="list shows 'Milk'")
jump_kind (verbatim strings — audit/stats key off them):
"none" no trigger; existence/gate only -> tier 0
"liveness" only "did not crash / still foreground" -> tier 1 (weak; never ship)
"reach" a real surface jump: the TARGET surface's element
APPEARED *and* the SOURCE surface's DISAPPEARED -> tier 2
"transition" a state flip (checked/enabled/selected/mode) with before->after -> tier 2
"value" a specific expected value/content was asserted -> tier 3
WHAT A "SURFACE" IS ON ANDROID
NOT the Activity — single-Activity Compose/Fragment apps never change it, so
get_current_activity() cannot discriminate. A surface is the SET of visible
discriminating element keys: and_showing() -> {"Button|Save", "TextView|Total"}.
and_reach(before, after, target, source) therefore proves a real jump; reading a
flat tree for an always-present element cannot fake it.
DETERMINISTIC DENOMINATOR
Scoring is eval_pass_case / origin_total_case, so a test function MUST contribute
the same number of records on every code path. @and_test(expects=(...)) owns the
try/except and back-fills any declared-but-unrecorded name as a failure, and
record() refuses duplicates. N is a literal in the decorator.
PORTABILITY (the same file scores the ORIGINAL and the RECREATION, whose package
name differs): always use the module-level PACKAGE (argv[1]). Never write a package
name, an .apk path, a /data/data path, or a pixel coordinate as a literal.
python3 android_testgen_kit.py lint_sources <dir> # flags all of those
SELF-AUDIT (report-only — these are GOALS, never a gate that blocks delivery):
python3 android_testgen_kit.py audit <results_dir>
python3 android_testgen_kit.py lint <results_dir>
python3 android_testgen_kit.py lint_sources <testgen_dir>
python3 android_testgen_kit.py audit_depth <testgen_dir> [results_dir]
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import ast
import base64
import functools
import glob
import hashlib
import json
import math
import os
import re
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
KIT_API_VERSION = 1
# ── Runtime context ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# argv[1] = package under test (ORIGINAL during testgen, RECREATION during eval).
# argv[2] / $RESULTS_DIR = where the eval JSON + screenshots go.
PACKAGE = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else os.environ.get("PACKAGE", "")
RESULTS_DIR = (
sys.argv[2]
if len(sys.argv) > 2
else os.environ.get("RESULTS_DIR", "/workspace/testgen/eval")
)
ADB = os.environ.get("ADB_PATH", "adb")
DEVICE = os.environ.get("DEVICE_SERIAL", "emulator-5554")
# Known emulator packages (from adb-tips). Used by type_text, never by tests.
CLIPPER_PKG = "ca.zgrs.clipper"
ADB_KEYBOARD_IME = "com.android.adbkeyboard/.AdbIME"
# ── Settling table (adb-tips §5). ANDROID_REMOTE=1 doubles it for tunnelled adb. ─
_REMOTE = os.environ.get("ANDROID_REMOTE", "") in ("1", "true", "yes")
_SETTLE_MULT = 2.0 if _REMOTE else 1.0
SETTLE = {
"launch": 3.0,
"tap": 1.0,
"key": 0.5,
"keyboard": 0.5,
"dump": 1.0,
"ime": 0.5,
"text": 0.5,
"swipe": 1.0,
"dump_retry": 2.0,
}
JUMP_KINDS = {"none": 0, "liveness": 1, "reach": 2, "transition": 2, "value": 3}
# Double-axis quota TARGETS (fractions). rb_audit REPORTS these; they are NOT a
# gate. Tune here only — never restate them in a prompt.
QUOTAS = {
"existence_max": 0.30, # jump_kind=="none" share of ALL tests
"interactive_min": 0.60, # reach|transition|value share of ALL tests
"depth_ge1_min": 0.40, # depth>=1 share of INTERACTIVE tests
"depth_ge2_min": 0.15, # depth>=2 share of INTERACTIVE tests
"value_min": 0.25, # jump_kind=="value" share of INTERACTIVE tests
# Suite-wide VLM budget, measured as vlm records / ALL records. The right
# share is app-dependent (a chart/canvas app earns more than a list app) and
# individual modules may legitimately contribute zero, so this is a BAND on
# the whole suite, never a per-module requirement.
"vlm_share_min": 0.30,
"vlm_share_max": 0.50,
"vlm_fine_min": 0.66, # fine-grained share of VLM records
}
# Depth family (naming convention — see and_audit_depth). A test "crosses a
# surface" iff it calls a member of this family; and_back* pops one. Semantic
# aliases (and_enter_settings, and_reach_detail) match BY PREFIX, so the kit stays
# small and the authored tests stay diverse.
DEPTH_FWD_RE = re.compile(r"^and_(enter|reach)[a-z0-9_]*$")
DEPTH_BACK_RE = re.compile(r"^and_back[a-z0-9_]*$")
DEPTH_RESET_RE = re.compile(r"^and_reset_depth$")
# VLM tags. The fine-grained ones test an exact rendered property; and_audit
# computes the >=2/3 fine share from these instead of trusting self-report.
VLM_FINE_TAGS = {"color", "shape", "position", "size"}
VLM_TAGS = VLM_FINE_TAGS | {"layout", "content"}
# Failure-message taxonomy. and_lint flags a failed record that uses none of them.
FAIL_PREFIXES = ("setup_failed:", "feature_missing:", "behavior_wrong:", "exception:")
# Never tap these (tests mutate real device state).
DANGEROUS_TEXTS = [
"delete", "remove", "clear", "reset", "erase", "discard", "uninstall",
"sign out", "log out", "logout", "format", "wipe", "revoke", "deactivate",
"删除", "移除", "清空", "清除", "重置", "退出登录", "注销", "格式化",
]
_MODULE_ALIAS = {
"states": "states", "state": "states",
"structure": "structure", "structures": "structure",
"navigation": "navigation", "nav": "navigation",
"interaction": "interaction", "interactions": "interaction",
"computation": "computation", "computations": "computation",
"text": "text", "texts": "text",
}
_DEPTH = 0 # surface counter for and_enter/and_back
_results: list[dict] = []
_seen: set[str] = set()
_module: str = ""
_screen_info: dict | None = None
def require_kit(min_version: int) -> None:
"""Fail loudly at import time if the kit is older than the test expects."""
if KIT_API_VERSION < min_version:
raise RuntimeError(
f"android_testgen_kit v{KIT_API_VERSION} is older than the required "
f"v{min_version}; the restored testcase bundle and the kit disagree"
)
def _infer_module() -> str:
stem = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0] or ""))[0]
if stem.startswith("test_android_"):
return _MODULE_ALIAS.get(stem[len("test_android_"):], stem[len("test_android_"):])
return ""
def init(module: str = "", package: str = "", results_dir: str = "") -> None:
"""Optional. Overrides the values inferred from argv/env."""
global _module, PACKAGE, RESULTS_DIR
if module:
_module = _MODULE_ALIAS.get(module, module)
if package:
PACKAGE = package
if results_dir:
RESULTS_DIR = results_dir
_module = _infer_module()
def tier_of(jump_kind: str) -> int:
return JUMP_KINDS.get(jump_kind, 2)
def settle(kind: str = "tap") -> None:
"""Sleep the calibrated settling time for `kind` (see SETTLE)."""
time.sleep(SETTLE.get(kind, 1.0) * _SETTLE_MULT)
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (1) Results / recording
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def record(test_name, passed, message="", *, depth=None, jump_kind="none",
expect="", tag=None, backfilled=False) -> bool:
"""Record ONE test result. Returns bool(passed).
The three positional parameters are unchanged from the legacy inline helper.
Everything new is keyword-only with a default, so old call sites still work.
depth surfaces this test crossed before asserting (see and_enter/and_reach)
jump_kind none | liveness | reach | transition | value
expect MANDATORY for reach/transition/value — the exact target you
OBSERVED on the original app (and_lint flags an empty one)
tag for VLM records: color|shape|position|size|layout|content
message on failure, start it with setup_failed: / feature_missing: /
behavior_wrong: / exception:
"""
if test_name in _seen:
print(f" [DUP ] {_module}:{test_name} refused (already recorded) — "
f"a duplicate would drift the denominator")
return bool(passed)
if jump_kind not in JUMP_KINDS:
jump_kind = "none"
d = _DEPTH if depth is None else int(depth)
p = bool(passed)
rec = {
"test": test_name,
"passed": p,
"message": str(message),
"depth": max(0, d),
"jump_kind": jump_kind,
"tier": tier_of(jump_kind),
"expect": str(expect),
}
if tag:
rec["tag"] = str(tag)
if backfilled:
rec["backfilled"] = True
_results.append(rec)
_seen.add(test_name)
print(f" [{'PASS' if p else 'FAIL'}] {_module}:{test_name} "
f"(depth={rec['depth']}, {jump_kind})"
+ (f" {message}" if message and not p else ""))
_flush()
return p
def _payload(module_name: str) -> dict:
"""The eval JSON. Shape is byte-compatible with the legacy helper: the
aggregator reads module/total/passed/pass_rate, and the results extraction
reads the rule/vlm sub-objects. New keys ride inside results[] + `audit`."""
rule = [r for r in _results if not r["test"].endswith("_vlm")]
vlm = [r for r in _results if r["test"].endswith("_vlm")]
rt, rp = len(rule), sum(1 for r in rule if r["passed"])
vt, vp = len(vlm), sum(1 for r in vlm if r["passed"])
total, passed = len(_results), sum(1 for r in _results if r["passed"])
fine = sum(1 for r in vlm if r.get("tag") in VLM_FINE_TAGS)
inter = [r for r in _results if r["jump_kind"] in ("reach", "transition", "value")]
return {
"module": module_name,
"total": total,
"passed": passed,
"failed": total - passed,
"pass_rate": round(passed / total, 4) if total else 0,
"rule": {"total": rt, "passed": rp, "failed": rt - rp,
"pass_rate": round(rp / rt, 4) if rt else 0},
"vlm": {"total": vt, "passed": vp, "failed": vt - vp,
"pass_rate": round(vp / vt, 4) if vt else 0},
"vlm_ratio": round(vt / rt, 4) if rt else 0,
"audit": {
"kit_api_version": KIT_API_VERSION,
"existence": sum(1 for r in _results if r["jump_kind"] == "none"),
"liveness": sum(1 for r in _results if r["jump_kind"] == "liveness"),
"interactive": len(inter),
"depth_ge1": sum(1 for r in inter if r["depth"] >= 1),
"depth_ge2": sum(1 for r in inter if r["depth"] >= 2),
"value": sum(1 for r in inter if r["jump_kind"] == "value"),
"vlm_fine": fine,
},
"results": _results,
}
def _write_json(path: str, data: dict) -> None:
"""Atomic write, so a mid-run SIGKILL never leaves a truncated JSON."""
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or ".", exist_ok=True)
tmp = path + ".tmp"
with open(tmp, "w") as f:
json.dump(data, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
os.replace(tmp, path)
def _flush() -> None:
"""Persist after EVERY record, so a timeout/emulator hang leaves N results
instead of zero. save_results() stays the documented finalizer."""
if not _module:
return
try:
_write_json(os.path.join(RESULTS_DIR, f"android_{_module}_eval.json"),
_payload(_module))
except Exception:
pass
def save_results(module_name: str) -> dict:
"""MANDATORY finalizer. Authoritatively rewrites the eval JSON under the
confirmed module name, prints the summary, and runs the in-process audit.
Idempotent."""
global _module
_module = _MODULE_ALIAS.get(module_name, module_name)
out = _payload(_module)
path = os.path.join(RESULTS_DIR, f"android_{_module}_eval.json")
_write_json(path, out)
print(f"Results: {out['passed']}/{out['total']} passed "
f"(rule: {out['rule']['passed']}/{out['rule']['total']}, "
f"vlm: {out['vlm']['passed']}/{out['vlm']['total']}) -> {path}")
try:
and_audit(RESULTS_DIR)
and_lint(RESULTS_DIR)
except Exception as exc:
print(f"[audit] skipped: {exc}")
return out
def declared_names() -> list[str]:
"""Every record name produced so far. The eval run MUST produce this same set
against the recreation — a missing feature FAILS, it never vanishes from the
denominator."""
return [r["test"] for r in _results]
def and_test(*, expects, module: str = ""):
"""Wrap a test function so it contributes EXACTLY len(expects) records on
every code path — the deterministic-denominator guarantee.
Any name in `expects` still unrecorded when the function returns or raises is
back-filled as a failure. The literal also lets and_audit_depth attribute
records to this function exactly.
@and_test(expects=("states_toggle_dark", "states_toggle_dark_vlm"))
def test_toggle_dark():
...
"""
names = tuple(expects)
def deco(fn):
@functools.wraps(fn)
def wrapper(*a, **kw):
if module:
init(module=module)
err = ""
try:
return fn(*a, **kw)
except Exception as exc:
err = f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"
print(f" [EXC ] {fn.__name__}: {err}")
return None
finally:
for n in names:
if n not in _seen:
record(n, False,
f"exception: not_reached ({err})" if err
else "setup_failed: not_reached (no exception raised)",
backfilled=True)
wrapper._and_expects = names
return wrapper
return deco
def run_suite(tests, module: str) -> dict:
"""Run every test, then finalize. Each test owns its own entry point, so one
failure never cascades."""
init(module=module)
n_fix = len(fixture_names())
print(f"=== {module}: {len(tests)} tests | package={PACKAGE}"
+ (f" | fixtures={n_fix}" if n_fix else "") + " ===")
if n_fix and not push_fixtures():
print(" [fixtures] WARNING: not all fixtures reached the device — every "
"test that opens one will record setup_failed")
for t in tests:
and_reset_depth()
try:
t()
except Exception as exc:
print(f" [EXC ] {getattr(t, '__name__', t)}: {exc}")
return save_results(module)
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (2) Device & adb primitives
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def adb_shell(*args, timeout: int = 30) -> str:
"""`adb -s $DEVICE shell ...` -> stdout. The -s serial is ALWAYS injected, so
a multi-device host can never dispatch to the wrong emulator."""
try:
r = subprocess.run([ADB, "-s", DEVICE, "shell", *[str(a) for a in args]],
capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout)
return r.stdout.strip()
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return ""
except Exception:
return ""
def adb_raw(*args, timeout: int = 30) -> str:
"""`adb -s $DEVICE ...` (no `shell`) — for install/pull/exec-out."""
try:
r = subprocess.run([ADB, "-s", DEVICE, *[str(a) for a in args]],
capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout)
return r.stdout.strip()
except Exception:
return ""
def device_online() -> bool:
try:
out = subprocess.run([ADB, "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True,
timeout=15).stdout
except Exception:
return False
return any(ln.startswith(DEVICE) and ln.rstrip().endswith("device")
for ln in out.splitlines()[1:])
def get_screen_info() -> dict:
"""Cached screen geometry. EVERY coordinate must be derived from this, never
written as a literal — density and font scale differ across devices."""
global _screen_info
if _screen_info:
return _screen_info
m = re.search(r"(\d+)x(\d+)", adb_shell("wm", "size"))
w, h = (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2))) if m else (1080, 2400)
md = re.search(r"(\d+)", adb_shell("wm", "density"))
_screen_info = {"width": w, "height": h,
"density": int(md.group(1)) if md else 440,
"center_x": w // 2, "center_y": h // 2}
return _screen_info
def screencap(path: str) -> bool:
"""Screenshot to a local path. exec-out first; falls back to on-device
screencap + pull, which is what survives a tunnelled adb connection."""
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or ".", exist_ok=True)
try:
with open(path, "wb") as f:
subprocess.run([ADB, "-s", DEVICE, "exec-out", "screencap", "-p"],
stdout=f, timeout=20)
if os.path.getsize(path) > 0:
return True
except Exception:
pass
remote = "/sdcard/_kit_shot.png"
adb_shell("screencap", "-p", remote)
adb_raw("pull", remote, path, timeout=40)
adb_shell("rm", "-f", remote)
return os.path.exists(path) and os.path.getsize(path) > 0
# ── Fixtures: sample files a file/image/document app needs to have anything to
# open. These MUST be a pipeline artifact, not something you push by hand while
# exploring: testgen and eval run in DIFFERENT jobs on DIFFERENT emulators, so a
# hand-pushed file is gone by eval and every test that opens it records
# setup_failed — blaming the recreation for a harness gap.
#
# authoring (once, during recon): write the files into <EVAL_OUT>/fixtures/
# consuming (every test run): run_suite() pushes them before the first test
#
# The directory rides along with the test files into the testcases bank, so the
# bytes are restored on every later eval. Sub-directories are preserved, so
# fixtures/docs/a.pdf lands at /sdcard/Download/docs/a.pdf.
FIXTURES_DEVICE_DIR = "/sdcard/Download"
_fixtures_pushed = False
def fixtures_dir() -> str:
"""The host fixtures directory, or "" when this app needs none.
The script's own directory comes FIRST: at eval, RESULTS_DIR is a separate
eval_results/ dir, while the fixtures were restored next to the test files.
"""
for cand in (os.environ.get("FIXTURES_DIR", ""),
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0] or ".")),
"fixtures"),
os.path.join(RESULTS_DIR, "fixtures")):
if cand and os.path.isdir(cand):
return cand
return ""
def fixture_names() -> list[str]:
"""Fixture paths relative to fixtures_dir(), e.g. ["doc.pdf", "docs/b.epub"]."""
src = fixtures_dir()
if not src:
return []
out = []
for root, _dirs, files in os.walk(src):
for fn in sorted(files):
if fn.startswith("."):
continue
out.append(os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, fn), src))
return sorted(out)
def fixture_on_device(name: str, dest: str = FIXTURES_DEVICE_DIR) -> str:
"""Where `name` lives on the device after push_fixtures()."""
return f"{dest.rstrip('/')}/{name}"
def push_fixtures(dest: str = FIXTURES_DEVICE_DIR, *, force: bool = False) -> bool:
"""Mirror the host fixtures onto the device. Idempotent and safe to call from
every test — a file already there with the same size is not re-pushed, so the
six module processes cost one real push between them.
Returns True when the device holds every fixture (including the vacuous case
of an app that needs none).
"""
global _fixtures_pushed
if _fixtures_pushed and not force:
return True
src = fixtures_dir()
names = fixture_names()
if not src or not names:
_fixtures_pushed = True
return True
ok = True
pushed = 0
for rel in names:
local = os.path.join(src, rel)
remote = fixture_on_device(rel, dest)
try:
want = os.path.getsize(local)
except OSError:
ok = False
continue
got = adb_shell("stat", "-c", "%s", remote)
if not force and got.isdigit() and int(got) == want:
continue
parent = remote.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
if parent:
adb_shell("mkdir", "-p", parent)
adb_raw("push", local, remote, timeout=120)
check = adb_shell("stat", "-c", "%s", remote)
if check.isdigit() and int(check) == want:
pushed += 1
else:
ok = False
print(f" [fixtures] FAILED to push {rel} -> {remote}")
if pushed:
# Make the files visible to gallery/media-backed pickers. Both forms are
# API-level dependent and neither is required for plain SAF browsing, so
# failures here are not fatal.
adb_shell("content", "call", "--uri", "content://media/external/file",
"--method", "scan_volume", "--arg", "external_primary")
adb_shell("am", "broadcast", "-a",
"android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE",
"-d", f"file://{dest}")
print(f" [fixtures] pushed {pushed}/{len(names)} fixture(s) to {dest}")
_fixtures_pushed = ok
return ok
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (3) UI tree query & element matching
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def dump_xml(retries: int = 3, settle_first: bool = True) -> str:
"""uiautomator dump -> XML text. Retries because the dump fails outright
while an animation is in flight."""
if settle_first:
settle("dump")
remote = "/sdcard/_kit_ui.xml"
for attempt in range(retries):
adb_shell("uiautomator", "dump", remote)
xml = adb_shell("cat", remote, timeout=60)
if "<node" in xml:
return xml
settle("dump_retry")
return ""
def parse_nodes(xml_str: str) -> list[dict]:
"""XML -> list of attribute dicts, each with _bounds and _center."""
nodes = []
for m in re.finditer(r"<node\s+([^>]+?)/?>", xml_str):
attrs_str = m.group(1)
attrs = {am.group(1): am.group(2)
for am in re.finditer(r'([\w-]+)="([^"]*)"', attrs_str)}
b = re.search(r'bounds="\[(\d+),(\d+)\]\[(\d+),(\d+)\]"', attrs_str)
if b:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = (int(v) for v in b.groups())
attrs["_bounds"] = (x1, y1, x2, y2)
attrs["_center"] = ((x1 + x2) // 2, (y1 + y2) // 2)
nodes.append(attrs)
return nodes
def ui(retries: int = 3) -> list[dict]:
"""THE entry point for a fresh tree. Call it again after ANY state change —
a scroll, navigation, dialog, or keyboard invalidates every prior coordinate."""
return parse_nodes(dump_xml(retries=retries))
def find_nodes(nodes, **criteria) -> list[dict]:
"""Nodes matching ALL criteria, EXACT string match. `True`/`False` match the
"true"/"false" attribute strings. Underscores in keys become dashes
(content_desc -> content-desc)."""
out = []
for n in nodes:
ok = True
for k, v in criteria.items():
key = k.replace("_", "-") if "_" in k and k != "class" else k
if key not in n:
ok = False
break
if v is True and n[key] != "true":
ok = False
break
if v is False and n[key] != "false":
ok = False
break
if v is not True and v is not False and n[key] != v:
ok = False
break
if ok:
out.append(n)
return out
def find_node(nodes, **criteria) -> dict | None:
f = find_nodes(nodes, **criteria)
return f[0] if f else None
def find_by_class(nodes, widget_class: str) -> list[dict]:
"""Partial class-name match, e.g. "Switch", "EditText", "RecyclerView"."""
return [n for n in nodes if widget_class in n.get("class", "")]
def find_node_ci(nodes, text: str) -> dict | None:
"""Case-insensitive text or content-desc match. Use for user-visible labels
whose casing a faithful recreation may legitimately differ on."""
t = text.strip().lower()
for n in nodes:
if (n.get("text", "").strip().lower() == t
or n.get("content-desc", "").strip().lower() == t):
return n
return None
def node_by_id(nodes, rid_suffix: str) -> dict | None:
"""Match the LAST segment of resource-id, so the package prefix (which
differs between original and recreation) is never compared."""
for n in nodes:
rid = n.get("resource-id", "")
if rid and rid.rsplit("/", 1)[-1] == rid_suffix:
return n
return None
def find_closest_match(nodes, original_node) -> dict | None:
"""Re-locate a node in a fresh dump by similarity (class/text/desc/position)."""
best, best_score = None, 0
for n in nodes:
score = 0
if n.get("class") == original_node.get("class"):
score += 3
if n.get("text") and n.get("text") == original_node.get("text"):
score += 5
if (n.get("content-desc")
and n.get("content-desc") == original_node.get("content-desc")):
score += 4
if "_center" in n and "_center" in original_node:
if (abs(n["_center"][0] - original_node["_center"][0]) < 100
and abs(n["_center"][1] - original_node["_center"][1]) < 100):
score += 2
if score > best_score:
best, best_score = n, score
return best if best_score >= 3 else None
def node_key(n: dict) -> str:
""""{shortClass}|{identity}" — the surface-membership key. Identity priority:
text -> content-desc -> resource-id suffix. Returns "" for anonymous nodes
(pure layout containers), which are excluded from a surface."""
cls = n.get("class", "").rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
ident = (n.get("text", "").strip()
or n.get("content-desc", "").strip()
or n.get("resource-id", "").rsplit("/", 1)[-1])
return f"{cls}|{ident}" if ident else ""
def and_showing(nodes=None) -> set[str]:
"""Snapshot the current SURFACE as a set of discriminating element keys.
Only on-screen, non-degenerate, identity-bearing nodes count. Take one
before and one after a trigger and feed them to and_reach()."""
nodes = ui() if nodes is None else nodes
s = get_screen_info()
out = set()
for n in nodes:
b = n.get("_bounds")
if not b:
continue
x1, y1, x2, y2 = b
if (x2 - x1) < 5 or (y2 - y1) < 5:
continue
if x2 <= 0 or y2 <= 0 or x1 >= s["width"] or y1 >= s["height"]:
continue
k = node_key(n)
if k:
out.add(k)
return out
def and_reach(before, after, target: str, source: str | None = None) -> bool:
"""TRUE-JUMP verdict: the TARGET surface's element newly APPEARED and (if
given) the SOURCE surface's element DISAPPEARED. This is what separates a
real surface jump from reading an element that was in the tree all along."""
before, after = set(before or []), set(after or [])
t = target.strip().lower()
appeared = any(t in k.lower() for k in (after - before))
if source is None:
return appeared
s = source.strip().lower()
return (appeared
and any(s in k.lower() for k in before)
and not any(s in k.lower() for k in after))
def surface_changed(before, after, min_delta: int = 2) -> bool:
"""Weaker than and_reach: the surface changed materially but you are not
naming the target. Use for shape deltas, never to claim a `reach`."""
return len(set(before or []) ^ set(after or [])) >= min_delta
def and_surface_id(nodes=None) -> str:
"""A stable-ish fingerprint of the current surface, for "did this change?"."""
keys = sorted(and_showing(nodes))
return f"{len(keys)}:{hash(tuple(keys)) & 0xFFFFFF:06x}"
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (4) Interaction
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def tap(x, y) -> None:
adb_shell("input", "tap", int(x), int(y))
settle("tap")
def tap_node(node) -> bool:
"""Tap a node's centre, validating bounds against the real screen first."""
if not node or "_center" not in node:
return False
x, y = node["_center"]
s = get_screen_info()
if x < 0 or x > s["width"] or y < 0 or y > s["height"]:
return False
if "_bounds" in node:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = node["_bounds"]
if (x2 - x1) < 5 or (y2 - y1) < 5:
return False
tap(x, y)
return True
def tap_text(nodes, text: str) -> bool:
n = find_node(nodes, text=text) or find_node_ci(nodes, text)
return tap_node(n) if n else False
def is_safe(node) -> bool:
"""False for destructive controls. Tests mutate real device state, so every
exploratory tap must go through this."""
blob = " ".join([node.get("text", ""), node.get("content-desc", ""),
node.get("resource-id", "")]).lower()
return not any(d in blob for d in DANGEROUS_TEXTS)
def safe_tap(node) -> bool:
return tap_node(node) if node and is_safe(node) else False
def long_press(node, ms: int = 800) -> bool:
"""Long-press = a zero-distance swipe with a duration."""
if not node or "_center" not in node:
return False
x, y = node["_center"]
adb_shell("input", "swipe", x, y, x, y, int(ms))
settle("tap")
return True
def swipe(x1, y1, x2, y2, ms: int = 300) -> None:
adb_shell("input", "swipe", int(x1), int(y1), int(x2), int(y2), int(ms))
settle("swipe")
def scroll_down(frac: float = 0.5) -> None:
s = get_screen_info()
swipe(s["center_x"], int(s["height"] * 0.7),
s["center_x"], int(s["height"] * (0.7 - frac)))
def scroll_up(frac: float = 0.5) -> None:
s = get_screen_info()
swipe(s["center_x"], int(s["height"] * 0.3),
s["center_x"], int(s["height"] * (0.3 + frac)))
def open_drawer() -> None:
s = get_screen_info()
swipe(5, s["center_y"], int(s["width"] * 0.8), s["center_y"], ms=400)
def scroll_into_view(text: str, max_swipes: int = 4) -> dict | None:
"""Scroll until `text` is on screen, RE-DUMPING between swipes. This encodes
"after a scroll every previous coordinate is invalid" as code."""
for _ in range(max_swipes + 1):
nodes = ui()
n = find_node(nodes, text=text) or find_node_ci(nodes, text)
if n:
return n
scroll_down(0.4)
return None
def press_key(keycode) -> None:
adb_shell("input", "keyevent", keycode)
settle("key")
def back() -> None:
"""Raw BACK. Use and_back() when you are leaving a surface you entered."""
press_key("KEYCODE_BACK")
def home() -> None:
press_key("KEYCODE_HOME")
def enter() -> None:
press_key("KEYCODE_ENTER")
def keyboard_visible() -> bool:
return "mInputShown=true" in adb_shell("dumpsys", "input_method")
def hide_keyboard() -> bool:
"""Dismiss the soft keyboard without navigating away. Tries, in order: the
collapse affordance, an empty region, then BACK — and BACK is only accepted
if the surface did NOT change, because BACK can navigate instead."""
if not keyboard_visible():
return True
nodes = ui()
for n in nodes:
blob = (n.get("content-desc", "") + n.get("resource-id", "")).lower()
if any(w in blob for w in ("hide", "collapse", "close_keyboard", "back")):
if tap_node(n):
settle("keyboard")
if not keyboard_visible():
return True
s = get_screen_info()
tap(s["center_x"], int(s["height"] * 0.12)) # top strip is rarely interactive
settle("keyboard")
if not keyboard_visible():
return True
sid = and_surface_id()
back()
settle("keyboard")
if keyboard_visible():
return False
if and_surface_id() != sid:
print(" [warn] hide_keyboard: BACK also changed the surface")
return True
def _quote_for_device(text: str) -> str:
"""Quote a string for the on-device shell (adb joins argv with spaces)."""
return shlex.quote(text)
def type_text(node, text: str, *, method: str = "auto",
verify_focus: bool = True) -> bool:
"""Type into an EditText, safely.
An unfocused EditText silently swallows ALL input (including paste and the
ADB-Keyboard broadcast), so this taps the field, re-dumps, and asserts
focused="true" before typing — retrying the tap once.
Routing: pure ASCII -> `input text`. Non-ASCII -> Clipper broadcast + paste.
method="ime" -> ADB Keyboard, which needs a re-tap after the IME switch (the
switch drops focus) and ALWAYS restores the original IME in a finally.
"""
if not node:
return False
target = node
if verify_focus:
ok = False
for _ in range(2):
if not tap_node(target):
return False
settle("keyboard")
fresh = find_closest_match(ui(), target) or target
if fresh.get("focused") == "true":
target, ok = fresh, True
break
target = fresh
if not ok:
print(" [warn] type_text: field never reported focused=true")
else:
tap_node(target)
settle("keyboard")
is_ascii = all(ord(c) < 128 for c in text)
use = method
if use == "auto":
use = "input" if is_ascii else "clipper"
if use == "input":
adb_shell("input", "text", _quote_for_device(text.replace(" ", "%s")))
settle("text")
return True
if use == "clipper":
adb_shell("am", "broadcast", "-a", "clipper.set",
"-e", "text", _quote_for_device(text))
settle("text")
press_key(279) # KEYCODE_PASTE
settle("text")
return True
# method="ime": ADB Keyboard. Some custom views ignore paste, this is the fallback.
original = adb_shell("settings", "get", "secure", "default_input_method")
try:
adb_shell("ime", "set", ADB_KEYBOARD_IME)
settle("ime")
tap_node(target) # IME switch dropped focus
settle("keyboard")
adb_shell("am", "broadcast", "-a", "ADB_INPUT_TEXT",
"--es", "msg", _quote_for_device(text))
settle("text")
return True
finally:
if original and "null" not in original.lower():
adb_shell("ime", "set", original) # NEVER leave it switched
settle("ime")
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (5) Navigation & the depth family
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def and_reset_depth() -> None:
global _DEPTH
_DEPTH = 0
def and_enter(surface: str = "") -> int:
"""Call right AFTER your test navigates into a new surface. This is what
backs a declared depth>=1 — and_audit_depth looks for a call from the
and_enter*/and_reach* family."""
global _DEPTH
_DEPTH += 1
return _DEPTH
def and_back() -> int:
"""Press BACK and pop one surface."""
global _DEPTH
back()
_DEPTH = max(0, _DEPTH - 1)
return _DEPTH
def and_enter_surface(nodes, target_text: str = "", content_desc: str = "",
rid: str = "") -> tuple[bool, str]:
"""Tap a named trigger, then confirm the surface changed. Counts one surface
on success. Returns (ok, note). Prefer and_reach_surface when you can name
the destination — that yields jump_kind="reach"."""
n = None
if target_text:
n = find_node(nodes, text=target_text) or find_node_ci(nodes, target_text)
if n is None and content_desc:
n = find_node(nodes, content_desc=content_desc)
if n is None and rid:
n = node_by_id(nodes, rid)
if n is None:
return False, f"setup_failed: trigger not found ({target_text or content_desc or rid})"
before = and_showing(nodes)
if not tap_node(n):
return False, "setup_failed: trigger not tappable"
after = and_showing()
if not surface_changed(before, after):
return False, "behavior_wrong: surface did not change after tapping the trigger"
and_enter(target_text or content_desc or rid)
return True, ""
def and_reach_surface(node, target: str, source: str | None = None) -> bool:
"""Tap `node`, then PROVE the jump: `target` appeared and `source` vanished.
Counts one surface. This is the only honest way to claim jump_kind="reach"."""
before = and_showing()
if not tap_node(node):
return False
after = and_showing()
ok = and_reach(before, after, target, source)
if ok:
and_enter(target)
return ok
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (6) App lifecycle — always keyed on PACKAGE (argv[1]), never a literal
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def launch_app() -> None:
adb_shell("monkey", "-p", PACKAGE, "-c", "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER", "1")
settle("launch")
def force_stop() -> None:
adb_shell("am", "force-stop", PACKAGE)
settle("key")
def clear_data() -> None:
"""Wipe app data. Use to guarantee a clean entry point, never mid-assertion."""
adb_shell("pm", "clear", PACKAGE)
settle("key")
def restart_app() -> None:
force_stop()
launch_app()
def force_stop_and_relaunch() -> None:
"""The persistence probe: kill the process, relaunch, then assert the state
survived. An in-memory-only recreation fails this."""
force_stop()
settle("key")
launch_app()
def get_current_activity() -> str:
out = adb_shell("dumpsys", "activity", "activities")
m = re.search(r"mResumedActivity.*?\{[^}]*?([\w.]+/[\w.$]+)", out)
if m:
return m.group(1)
m = re.search(r"mCurrentFocus=.*?\{[^}]*?([\w.]+/[\w.$]+)", adb_shell("dumpsys", "window"))
return m.group(1) if m else ""
def is_app_foreground() -> bool:
return PACKAGE in get_current_activity() or PACKAGE in adb_shell("dumpsys", "window")
def wait_for_foreground(timeout: int = 10) -> bool:
deadline = time.time() + timeout
while time.time() < deadline:
if is_app_foreground():
return True
time.sleep(0.5)
return False
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (7) VLM
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# OpenAI-compatible endpoint. Hardcoded on purpose: the public DashScope native
# endpoint rejected the key that pods are provisioned with, so every generated
# suite either lost its whole VLM track or shipped a hand-rolled `dashscope.py`
# shim to reroute it. This speaks plain chat/completions over the standard library
# only — no `pip install`, and the stale shims in the testcases bank can no longer
# shadow the transport because nothing imports `dashscope` any more.
VLM_BASE_URL = "https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1"
_VLM_DEFAULT_KEY = "sk-bd0c3f375649439bba62b5b0e8c13057"
# Attempts per key. 3 covers the blips seen in practice (empty body, gateway 5xx,
# rate-limit bursts) without turning a genuine outage into a 10-minute stall.
VLM_RETRIES = int(os.environ.get("VLM_RETRIES", "3"))
# Repeating these cannot help: the request itself is wrong (malformed, missing,
# too large, or semantically rejected). Everything else 4xx/5xx is worth a retry.
_VLM_TERMINAL_CODES = {400, 404, 413, 422}
def _vlm_key() -> str:
"""The judge model's API key: first non-empty of DASHSCOPE_API_KEY,
VLM_API_KEY, JUDGE_API_KEY. Empty when none is set."""
for name in ("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY", "VLM_API_KEY", "JUDGE_API_KEY"):
v = os.environ.get(name, "").strip()
if v:
return v
return ""
def call_vlm(image_path: str, prompt: str, *, retries: int = 0) -> str | None:
"""Ask the VLM one question about a local screenshot. Returns the answer text.
Retries transient API failures (empty body, 429, 408/409/425, any 5xx) up to
`retries` times — default VLM_RETRIES (3), overridable via the VLM_RETRIES env
var. Terminal errors (bad key, malformed/oversized request) are not retried.
"""
retries = retries or VLM_RETRIES
key = _vlm_key() or _VLM_DEFAULT_KEY
try:
with open(image_path, "rb") as f:
b64 = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode()
except Exception as exc:
print(f"[VLM] cannot read screenshot {image_path}: {exc}")
return None
mime = "image/jpeg" if image_path.lower().endswith((".jpg", ".jpeg")) else "image/png"
body = json.dumps({
"model": os.environ.get("JUDGE_MODEL", "qwen3.7-plus"),
"temperature": 0,
"messages": [{"role": "user", "content": [
{"type": "image_url",
"image_url": {"url": f"data:{mime};base64,{b64}"}},
{"type": "text", "text": prompt},
]}],
}).encode()
for attempt in range(retries):
backoff = 2 * (attempt + 1)
req = urllib.request.Request(
f"{VLM_BASE_URL}/chat/completions", data=body,
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {key}",
"Content-Type": "application/json"})
try:
with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=120) as resp:
data = json.loads(resp.read().decode())
text = (data["choices"][0]["message"]["content"] or "").strip()
if text:
return text
print(f"[VLM] empty response (attempt {attempt + 1}/{retries})")
except urllib.error.HTTPError as exc:
detail = exc.read().decode(errors="replace")[:200]
print(f"[VLM] HTTP {exc.code} (attempt {attempt + 1}/{retries}): {detail}")
if exc.code in (401, 403) or exc.code in _VLM_TERMINAL_CODES:
return None # repeating cannot help
if exc.code == 429:
backoff = 10 * (attempt + 1) # rate limit, not a blip
except Exception as exc: # timeout, DNS, reset, bad JSON
print(f"[VLM] call failed (attempt {attempt + 1}/{retries}): {exc}")
if attempt < retries - 1:
time.sleep(backoff)
print(f"[VLM] giving up after {retries} attempt(s)")
return None
def _vlm_log(results_dir: str, entry: dict) -> None:
"""Append one attempt to vlm_assertions.json. Called on EVERY vlm_assert exit
path, including failures — a `_vlm` case with no entry here then provably never
invoked the VLM, which is what build_manifest keys off."""
af = os.path.join(results_dir, "vlm_assertions.json")
try:
existing = json.load(open(af)) if os.path.exists(af) else []
if not isinstance(existing, list):
existing = []
except Exception:
existing = []
existing.append(entry)
try:
_write_json(af, existing) # type: ignore[arg-type]
except Exception:
try:
with open(af, "w") as f:
json.dump(existing, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
except Exception as exc:
print(f" [warn] vlm_assert: cannot write {af}: {exc}")
def vlm_assert(test_name, question, results_dir=None, expect="YES", *,
depth=None, jump_kind="none", tag=None) -> bool:
"""Screenshot the current screen, ask the VLM one YES/NO question, record it.
`test_name` is auto-suffixed with `_vlm`, which is what routes it to the VLM
track in save_results(). `tag` (color|shape|position|size|layout|content) lets
and_audit compute the fine-grained share mechanically — always set it.
Ask about a SPECIFIC observable rendered property. A question that a blank
screen or any app would pass is worthless.
"""
if not test_name.endswith("_vlm"):
test_name += "_vlm"
rd = results_dir or RESULTS_DIR
if tag and tag not in VLM_TAGS:
print(f" [warn] vlm_assert: unknown tag {tag!r}")
ss_path = os.path.join(rd, "screenshots", f"{test_name}.png")
def _fail(msg: str, resp=None, answer="") -> bool:
_vlm_log(rd, {"test_name": test_name, "question": question,
"screenshot": ss_path, "vlm_response": resp,
"vlm_answer": answer, "expected": expect,
"passed": False, "tag": tag or "", "error": msg})
return record(test_name, False, msg,
depth=depth, jump_kind=jump_kind, tag=tag)
if not screencap(ss_path):
return _fail("setup_failed: screenshot capture failed")
prompt = ("Look at this Android app screenshot and answer the following question "
"with ONLY 'YES' or 'NO'. Do not explain.\n\n"
f"Question: {question}\n\nAnswer (YES or NO):")
# An unparseable answer is the same class of flakiness as an empty body, so
# re-ask rather than scoring harness noise against the VLM track.
answer, resp = "", None
for ask in range(VLM_RETRIES):
resp = call_vlm(ss_path, prompt)
if resp is None:
return _fail("setup_failed: VLM API call failed")
a = resp.strip().upper()
# Whole-word match only: a bare `"NO" in a` also fires on CANNOT / NOT /
# NONE / KNOW, turning "Maybe? I cannot tell." into a confident NO and
# failing the test on harness noise instead of re-asking.
has_yes = re.search(r"\bYES\b", a) is not None
has_no = re.search(r"\bNO\b", a) is not None
if a.startswith("YES"):
answer = "YES"
elif a.startswith("NO"):
answer = "NO"
elif has_yes and not has_no:
answer = "YES"
elif has_no and not has_yes:
answer = "NO"
if answer:
break
print(f"[VLM] unparseable answer {resp!r} (ask {ask + 1}/{VLM_RETRIES})")
if not answer:
return _fail(f"setup_failed: ambiguous VLM response after {VLM_RETRIES} "
f"asks {resp!r}", resp=resp)
passed = answer == expect.upper()
record(test_name, passed,
(f"VLM: Q='{question}' A={answer} expect={expect}" if passed
else f"behavior_wrong: VLM Q='{question}' A={answer} expect={expect}"),
depth=depth, jump_kind=jump_kind, expect=f"VLM {expect}: {question}", tag=tag)
_vlm_log(rd, {"test_name": test_name, "question": question,
"screenshot": ss_path, "vlm_response": resp,
"vlm_answer": answer, "expected": expect,
"passed": passed, "tag": tag or ""})
return passed
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (8) Audit / lint — ALL report-only. None of these ever blocks delivery.
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def _load_all(results_dir: str) -> list[dict]:
recs, seen_files = [], set()
for pat in (os.path.join(results_dir, "android_*_eval.json"),
os.path.join(results_dir, "eval_results", "android_*_eval.json")):
for path in glob.glob(pat):
base = os.path.basename(path)
if base in seen_files:
continue
seen_files.add(base)
try:
data = json.load(open(path))
except Exception:
continue
for t in data.get("results", []):
if isinstance(t, dict) and "test" in t:
recs.append(t)
return recs
def and_audit(results_dir: str = "", quotas: dict | None = None) -> dict:
"""Aggregate declared depth/jump_kind/vlm-tag across the suite and report the
quota TARGETS with the concrete gap. GOALS, not a gate."""
results_dir = results_dir or RESULTS_DIR
q = quotas or QUOTAS
recs = _load_all(results_dir)
backfilled = [r for r in recs if r.get("backfilled")]
recs = [r for r in recs if not r.get("backfilled")]
n = len(recs)
if not n:
print(f"[and_audit] no records under {results_dir}")
return {"total": 0}
kinds = [r.get("jump_kind", "none") for r in recs]
none_n = sum(1 for k in kinds if k == "none")
live_n = sum(1 for k in kinds if k == "liveness")
inter = [r for r in recs if r.get("jump_kind") in ("reach", "transition", "value")]
ni = len(inter) or 1
d1 = sum(1 for r in inter if int(r.get("depth", 0)) >= 1)
d2 = sum(1 for r in inter if int(r.get("depth", 0)) >= 2)
val = sum(1 for r in inter if r.get("jump_kind") == "value")
vlm = [r for r in recs if r["test"].endswith("_vlm")]
fine = sum(1 for r in vlm if r.get("tag") in VLM_FINE_TAGS)
vlm_share = len(vlm) / n
def line(label, got, need, kind):
ok = got >= need if kind == "min" else got <= need
return ok, (f" [{'ok ' if ok else 'GAP'}] {label}: {got:.0%} "
f"({'>=' if kind == 'min' else '<='} {need:.0%})")
lo, hi = q["vlm_share_min"], q["vlm_share_max"]
vlm_ok = lo <= vlm_share <= hi
if vlm_share < lo:
# each added vlm record also grows the denominator: (v+x)/(n+x) >= lo
need_more = math.ceil((lo * n - len(vlm)) / (1 - lo))
vlm_hint = (f"under budget by ~{max(1, need_more)} record(s) — allocate more "
f"per lane NEXT run; do not re-run to chase it")
elif vlm_share > hi:
vlm_hint = "over budget — allocate fewer per lane next run"
else:
vlm_hint = "in budget"
vlm_msg = (f" [{'ok ' if vlm_ok else 'GAP'}] VLM BUDGET vlm/total: "
f"{len(vlm)}/{n} = {vlm_share:.0%} (target {lo:.0%}-{hi:.0%}) "
f"— {vlm_hint}")
checks = [
line("existence(none)/all", none_n / n, q["existence_max"], "max"),
line("interactive/all", len(inter) / n, q["interactive_min"], "min"),
line("depth>=1 /interactive", d1 / ni, q["depth_ge1_min"], "min"),
line("depth>=2 /interactive", d2 / ni, q["depth_ge2_min"], "min"),
line("value(tier3)/interactive", val / ni, q["value_min"], "min"),
(vlm_ok, vlm_msg),
line("vlm fine-grained/vlm", fine / (len(vlm) or 1), q["vlm_fine_min"], "min"),
]
print(f"[and_audit] {results_dir} total={n} interactive={len(inter)} "
f"none={none_n} liveness={live_n} depth>=1={d1} depth>=2={d2} "
f"value={val} vlm={len(vlm)} vlm_fine={fine}")
if backfilled:
print(f" [!!!] {len(backfilled)} record(s) never reached their assertion "
f"(back-filled as failures) — excluded from the ratios above; the "
f"100%-pass gate on the original app must catch these")
for _ok, msg in checks:
print(msg)
passed = all(ok for ok, _ in checks)
print("[and_audit] " + ("ALL TARGETS MET" if passed else
"some targets below — this is a REPORT, not a task: finalize now and fix "
"the shortfall in the NEXT run's plan. Re-running the suite to move these "
"numbers costs hours and changes nothing about the app under test"))
return {"total": n, "interactive": len(inter), "none": none_n,
"liveness": live_n, "depth_ge1": d1, "depth_ge2": d2, "value": val,
"vlm": len(vlm), "vlm_fine": fine, "vlm_share": round(vlm_share, 4),
"backfilled": len(backfilled),
"passed": passed, "checks": [m for _o, m in checks]}
def and_lint(results_dir: str = "") -> list[str]:
"""Flag weak or inconsistent DECLARATIONS."""
results_dir = results_dir or RESULTS_DIR
issues, names = [], set()
for r in _load_all(results_dir):
jk, nm = r.get("jump_kind", "none"), r.get("test", "?")
if nm in names:
issues.append(f"{nm}: duplicate record name (drifts the denominator)")
names.add(nm)
if jk not in JUMP_KINDS:
issues.append(f"{nm}: unknown jump_kind {jk!r}")
if jk in ("reach", "transition", "value") and not str(r.get("expect", "")).strip():
issues.append(f"{nm}: jump_kind={jk} but empty expect "
f"(name the specific observed target)")
if jk == "liveness":
issues.append(f"{nm}: liveness is tier1 — assert the app-authored effect instead")
if int(r.get("depth", 0)) < 0:
issues.append(f"{nm}: negative depth")
msg = str(r.get("message", ""))
if not r.get("passed") and not msg.startswith(FAIL_PREFIXES):
issues.append(f"{nm}: failure message must start with one of "
f"{'/'.join(FAIL_PREFIXES)} (got {msg[:40]!r})")
if nm.endswith("_vlm") and not r.get("tag") and not r.get("backfilled"):
issues.append(f"{nm}: VLM record has no tag "
f"(color|shape|position|size|layout|content)")
if issues:
print(f"[and_lint] {len(issues)} issue(s):")
for i in issues:
print(" - " + i)
else:
print("[and_lint] no issues")
return issues
# Non-portable source patterns: they pass on the ORIGINAL app and break on the
# RECREATION (different package, different install path). Each is a hard defect.
_BAD_SOURCE_PATTERNS = [
(r"""["'][a-z][a-z0-9_]*(?:\.[a-z][a-z0-9_]*){2,}["']""",
"hardcodes a package name; use the module-level PACKAGE (argv[1]) — the "
"recreation's package differs", ("android.", "androidx.", "java.", "javax.",
"com.android.adbkeyboard", "ca.zgrs.clipper",
"android.intent.", "com.google.android.inputmethod")),
(r"""["'][^"']*\.apk["']|clean\.apk""",
"names an APK path; the test must never install or locate the app", ()),
(r"/data/data/|/sdcard/Android/data/",
"uses a per-package data path, which breaks when the recreation's package "
"differs; drive state through the GUI", ()),
(r"\btap\(\s*\d{2,}\s*,\s*\d{2,}",
"taps a hardcoded pixel coordinate; derive it from a node's _center or "
"get_screen_info()", ()),
(r"\bpm\s+grant\b|\bappops\s+set\b|\bsettings\s+put\b|\bcontent\s+insert\b",
"seeds state outside the GUI; the recreation may not honor it — drive the "
"same state through the UI", ()),
(r"am\s+start\s+-n\s",
"deep-links straight to a component: not portable, and not navigation "
"(it cannot back a depth claim)", ()),
(r"emulator-\d{4}|127\.0\.0\.1:\d{4}",
"hardcodes a device serial; use the module-level DEVICE", ()),
]
def and_lint_sources(testgen_dir: str = "") -> list[str]:
"""Scan authored test/helper .py for NON-PORTABLE patterns and for kit API
drift. A clean result means the suite will actually drive the recreation, not
just the original."""
testgen_dir = testgen_dir or RESULTS_DIR
kit_base = os.path.basename(__file__)
py = [p for p in (glob.glob(os.path.join(testgen_dir, "*.py"))
+ glob.glob(os.path.join(testgen_dir, "tests", "*.py")))
if os.path.basename(p) != kit_base]
kit_names = set(globals().keys())
# A sample file the app is supposed to OPEN. Testgen and eval run on DIFFERENT
# emulators, so naming one without pushing it means it only ever existed
# because someone put it there by hand while exploring.
_DEV_PATH_RE = re.compile(r"/sdcard/|/storage/emulated/|\bDCIM\b", re.I)
_DOC_RE = re.compile(
r"""["'][^"']*\.(?:pdf|epub|mobi|djvu|zim|mp3|mp4|mkv|wav|ogg)["']""", re.I)
_fix_files = [f for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(testgen_dir, "fixtures", "**"),
recursive=True) if os.path.isfile(f)]
issues = []
srcs = {}
for p in py:
try:
srcs[p] = open(p, errors="replace").read()
except Exception:
continue
suite_pushes = any(re.search(r"\b(push_fixtures|fixture_on_device)\b", s)
for s in srcs.values())
if _fix_files and not suite_pushes:
issues.append(
f"fixtures/: {len(_fix_files)} fixture file(s) are authored but NO test "
f"calls push_fixtures() — they never reach the device, so every test "
f"that opens one records setup_failed. Call it once via run_suite(), "
f"or drop the directory.")
for p, src in srcs.items():
base = os.path.basename(p)
# Strip comments AND docstrings: prose describing the app under test names
# files it opens, which is not the same as the code depending on one.
scan = re.sub(r'"""[\s\S]*?"""|\'\'\'[\s\S]*?\'\'\'', '""', src)
scan = re.sub(r"#[^\n]*", "", scan)
# adb is called argv-style — adb_shell("am", "start", "-n", x) — so collapse
# the quote-comma-quote separators to read those calls as command lines.
flat = re.sub(r"""["']\s*,\s*["']""", " ", scan)
if not suite_pushes:
for ln in scan.splitlines():
m = _DEV_PATH_RE.search(ln) or _DOC_RE.search(ln)
if m:
issues.append(
f"{base}: needs a sample file on the device "
f"[{ln.strip()[:60]}] but the suite never calls "
f"push_fixtures() — testgen and eval run on DIFFERENT "
f"emulators, so at eval the file is absent. Author the bytes "
f"into {os.path.join(testgen_dir, 'fixtures')}/ and let "
f"run_suite() push them.")
break
for pat, why, allow in _BAD_SOURCE_PATTERNS:
hit = None
for form in (scan, flat):
for m in re.finditer(pat, form):
cand = m.group(0)
if allow and any(a in cand for a in allow):
continue
hit = cand
break
if hit:
break
if hit:
issues.append(f"{base}: {why} [{hit[:48]}]")
# kit API drift — an import/attr the kit does not define
imported: list[str] = []
for m in re.finditer(
r"from\s+android_testgen_kit\s+import\s+\(([^)]*)\)", scan, re.S):
imported += m.group(1).split(",")
for m in re.finditer(
r"from\s+android_testgen_kit\s+import\s+([^\n(]+)", scan):
imported += m.group(1).split(",")
for raw in imported:
nm = raw.strip().split(" as ")[0].strip()
if nm and nm != "*" and nm not in kit_names:
issues.append(f"{base}: imports android_testgen_kit.{nm} which the "
f"kit does not define (would ImportError at eval)")
for m in re.finditer(r"\bkit\.(\w+)\s*\(", scan):
if m.group(1) not in kit_names:
issues.append(f"{base}: calls kit.{m.group(1)}() which the kit does "
f"not define (would AttributeError at eval)")
if issues:
print(f"[and_lint_sources] {len(issues)} portability issue(s):")
for i in issues:
print(" - " + i)
else:
print("[and_lint_sources] no portability issues")
return issues
# ── MEASURED depth cross-check (report-only): does the SOURCE back the DECLARE? ─
def _ast_call_name(node) -> str:
f = node.func
if isinstance(f, ast.Attribute):
return f.attr
if isinstance(f, ast.Name):
return f.id
return ""
def _string_locals(fn_node) -> dict[str, str]:
"""`name = "states_toggle"` inside a test — so record(name, ...) resolves."""
out = {}
for n in ast.walk(fn_node):
if isinstance(n, ast.Assign) and isinstance(n.value, ast.Constant) \
and isinstance(n.value.value, str):
for t in n.targets:
if isinstance(t, ast.Name):
out[t.id] = n.value.value
return out
def _record_names(fn_node) -> list[str]:
"""Literal record()/vlm_assert() names in this function, preferring the
@and_test(expects=(...)) literal when present."""
for dec in getattr(fn_node, "decorator_list", []):
if isinstance(dec, ast.Call) and _ast_call_name(dec) == "and_test":
for kw in dec.keywords:
if kw.arg == "expects" and isinstance(kw.value, (ast.Tuple, ast.List)):
return [e.value for e in kw.value.elts
if isinstance(e, ast.Constant) and isinstance(e.value, str)]
slocals = _string_locals(fn_node)
names = []
for n in ast.walk(fn_node):
if not (isinstance(n, ast.Call)
and _ast_call_name(n) in ("record", "vlm_assert")):
continue
if not n.args:
continue
a0 = n.args[0]
if isinstance(a0, ast.Constant) and isinstance(a0.value, str):
names.append(a0.value)
elif isinstance(a0, ast.Name) and a0.id in slocals:
names.append(slocals[a0.id])
return names
def _depth_calls(fn_node, local_funcs, budget: int = 2, seen=None):
"""(fwd, back, reach) depth-family calls, descending `budget` levels into
file-local helpers. Cycle-guarded. A LOWER BOUND — never an over-claim."""
seen = seen if seen is not None else set()
fwd = bk = rch = 0
relaunch = False
for node in ast.walk(fn_node):
if not isinstance(node, ast.Call):
continue
cn = _ast_call_name(node)
if DEPTH_FWD_RE.match(cn):
fwd += 1
if cn.startswith("and_reach"):
rch += 1
elif DEPTH_BACK_RE.match(cn):
bk += 1
elif cn in ("launch_app", "restart_app", "force_stop_and_relaunch"):
relaunch = True
elif budget > 0 and cn in local_funcs and cn not in seen:
seen.add(cn)
f, b, r = _depth_calls(local_funcs[cn], local_funcs, budget - 1, seen)[:3]
fwd, bk, rch = fwd + f, bk + b, rch + r
return fwd, bk, rch, relaunch
def and_audit_depth(testgen_dir: str = "", results_dir: str = "") -> list[str]:
"""MEASURE navigation depth from the test SOURCE (AST) and cross-check the
DECLARED depth/jump_kind — so a test cannot just TYPE depth=2. REPORT-ONLY.
Flags a declared depth>=1 or jump_kind="reach" with NO backing call from the
depth family and_enter*/and_reach* (directly, in a file-local helper it calls,
or anywhere in the module for variable-named records), plus a "reach" that was
achieved by relaunching the app rather than navigating.
"""
testgen_dir = testgen_dir or RESULTS_DIR
results_dir = results_dir or testgen_dir
files = [p for p in (glob.glob(os.path.join(testgen_dir, "test_android_*.py"))
+ glob.glob(os.path.join(testgen_dir, "tests",
"test_android_*.py")))]
per_record, per_module = {}, {}
for p in files:
try:
tree = ast.parse(open(p, errors="replace").read())
except Exception:
continue
stem = os.path.basename(p)[len("test_android_"):-len(".py")]
mod = _MODULE_ALIAS.get(stem, stem)
local_funcs = {n.name: n for n in ast.walk(tree)
if isinstance(n, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef))}
module_backing = any(
isinstance(n, ast.Call) and DEPTH_FWD_RE.match(_ast_call_name(n))
for n in ast.walk(tree))
per_module[mod] = {"module_backing": module_backing}
for fn in local_funcs.values():
if not fn.name.startswith("test_"):
continue
fwd, bk, rch, relaunch = _depth_calls(fn, local_funcs)
measured = max(0, max((fwd - rch) - bk, 1 if rch >= 1 else 0))
for nm in _record_names(fn):
per_record[(mod, nm)] = {"measured_depth": measured,
"backing": fwd >= 1, "n_reach": rch,
"relaunch": relaunch, "fn": fn.name}
issues = []
for r in _load_all(results_dir):
nm, jk = r.get("test", "?"), r.get("jump_kind", "none")
depth = int(r.get("depth", 0) or 0)
strong = depth >= 1 or jk == "reach"
hit = None
for (mod, rname), v in per_record.items():
if rname == nm:
hit = v
break
if hit is not None:
if strong and not hit["backing"]:
issues.append(f"{nm} ({hit['fn']}): declared depth={depth}/"
f"jump_kind={jk} but NO backing and_enter*/and_reach* "
f"call (fake depth)")
elif jk == "reach" and hit["n_reach"] == 0:
issues.append(f"{nm} ({hit['fn']}): jump_kind=reach but no "
f"and_reach* call in its code")
elif jk == "reach" and hit["relaunch"]:
issues.append(f"{nm} ({hit['fn']}): jump_kind=reach but the function "
f"relaunches the app — that is not navigation")
elif strong and not any(v.get("module_backing", True)
for v in per_module.values()):
issues.append(f"{nm}: declared depth={depth}/jump_kind={jk} but no "
f"and_enter*/and_reach* call anywhere (fake depth)")
if issues:
print(f"[and_audit_depth] {len(issues)} fake-depth issue(s) (REPORT-ONLY — "
f"fix by adding the and_reach/and_enter you navigated with, or lower "
f"the declared depth):")
for i in issues:
print(" - " + i)
else:
print("[and_audit_depth] no fake-depth issues "
"(declared depth/reach backed by nav calls)")
return issues
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (9) Frozen manifest — the FIXED denominator (ported from RecreationBench v7.2)
#
# Without this, the eval denominator is whatever the candidate happened to emit:
# a recreation that crashes a module SHRINKS its own denominator instead of
# counting the missing behaviour as failures. The manifest is frozen ONCE per
# task from the ORIGINAL app's run and is the denominator authority for every
# candidate. Missing tests are injected as `not_run`; extra tests are ignored.
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
MANIFEST_NAME = "test_manifest.json"
MANIFEST_VERSION = 1
def qualify_name(module: str, test: str) -> str:
"""`module::test` — two modules may legitimately reuse a short test name."""
return test if "::" in test else f"{module}::{test}"
def _record_status(rec: dict) -> str:
if rec.get("status") in ("passed", "failed", "error", "skipped", "not_run"):
return rec["status"]
return "passed" if rec.get("passed") else "failed"
def _load_by_module(results_dir: str) -> list[tuple[str, dict]]:
"""Like _load_all but keeps the owning module, so names can be qualified."""
out, seen_files = [], set()
for pat in (os.path.join(results_dir, "android_*_eval.json"),
os.path.join(results_dir, "eval_results", "android_*_eval.json")):
for path in sorted(glob.glob(pat)):
base = os.path.basename(path)
if base in seen_files:
continue
seen_files.add(base)
try:
data = json.load(open(path))
except Exception:
continue
mod = data.get("module") or base[len("android_"):-len("_eval.json")]
for t in data.get("results", []):
if isinstance(t, dict) and "test" in t:
out.append((str(mod), t))
return out
def _vlm_logged_names(results_dir: str) -> tuple[set[str], bool]:
"""(names with >=1 logged VLM attempt, whether any log file was found).
Checks the root AND eval_results/ — the agent's self-validation run drives
test_verify.sh with --output-dir, which puts the log one level down.
"""
names, found = set(), False
for sub in ("", "eval_results"):
p = os.path.join(results_dir, sub, "vlm_assertions.json")
if not os.path.isfile(p):
continue
found = True
try:
for x in json.load(open(p)):
if isinstance(x, dict) and x.get("test_name"):
names.add(str(x["test_name"]))
except Exception:
pass
return names, found
def build_manifest(results_dir: str = "", *, task_id: str = "",
baseline_model: str = "", out_path: str = "") -> dict:
"""Freeze the ORIGINAL app's PASSING tests as the denominator.
A test that fails on the original is not a signal about any recreation, so it
is moved to `ignored[reason=baseline_fail]` instead of counting against every
candidate. This is the only denominator-shrinking mechanism, and it is applied
identically to all candidates.
"""
results_dir = results_dir or RESULTS_DIR
logged, log_found = _vlm_logged_names(results_dir)
tests, ignored, vlm_assertions = [], [], []
n_unverified = 0
for mod, rec in _load_by_module(results_dir):
name = qualify_name(mod, str(rec.get("test", "")))
status = _record_status(rec)
entry = {"name": name, "module": mod, "baseline_status": status}
is_vlm = name.endswith("_vlm")
# A passing _vlm case with no logged attempt never provably reached the
# judge on the original app — it must not sit in the VLM denominator that
# every recreation is scored against.
if is_vlm and status == "passed" and str(rec.get("test", "")) not in logged:
n_unverified += 1
ignored.append({"name": name, "module": mod,
"reason": "vlm_unverified",
"baseline_status": status,
"message": "no attempt in vlm_assertions.json — the VLM "
"was never provably invoked for this case"})
continue
if status == "passed":
tests.append(entry)
if is_vlm:
vlm_assertions.append({"name": name, "module": mod,
"tag": rec.get("tag", "")})
else:
ignored.append({"name": name, "module": mod,
"reason": "baseline_fail",
"baseline_status": status,
"message": str(rec.get("message", ""))[:300]})
tests.sort(key=lambda t: t["name"])
ignored.sort(key=lambda t: t["name"])
payload = "\n".join(t["name"] for t in tests)
pkg = (os.environ.get("ORIG_PACKAGE") or os.environ.get("PACKAGE")
or (PACKAGE if "." in PACKAGE else ""))
manifest = {
"manifest_version": MANIFEST_VERSION,
"kit_api_version": KIT_API_VERSION,
"task_id": task_id or os.environ.get("INSTANCE_ID", ""),
"baseline_model": baseline_model or os.environ.get("MODEL", ""),
"baseline_package": pkg,
"total": len(tests),
"manifest_sha": hashlib.sha256(payload.encode()).hexdigest()[:12],
"tests": tests,
"ignored": ignored,
"vlm_assertions": vlm_assertions,
"vlm_total": len(vlm_assertions),
"n_vlm_unverified": n_unverified,
"vlm_log_found": log_found,
}
dest = out_path or os.path.join(results_dir, MANIFEST_NAME)
tmp = dest + ".tmp"
with open(tmp, "w") as f:
json.dump(manifest, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
os.replace(tmp, dest)
print(f"[build_manifest] {dest} total={manifest['total']} "
f"vlm={manifest['vlm_total']} ignored={len(ignored)} "
f"sha={manifest['manifest_sha']}")
if n_unverified:
print(f" [!!!] {n_unverified} passing _vlm case(s) EXCLUDED as "
f"vlm_unverified — no attempt logged in vlm_assertions.json"
+ ("" if log_found else " (no log file found at all — the suite may "
"have bypassed the kit's vlm_assert)")
+ ". They are out of the VLM denominator; fix the VLM path rather "
"than accepting the smaller denominator.")
base_fail = [i for i in ignored if i["reason"] == "baseline_fail"]
if base_fail:
print(f" {len(base_fail)} baseline failure(s) excluded from the denominator "
f"(they say nothing about a recreation):")
for i in base_fail[:20]:
print(f" - {i['name']}: {i['message'][:120]}")
return manifest
def load_manifest(d: str = "") -> dict | None:
"""Return the frozen manifest from `d` (or its eval_results/), else None."""
d = d or RESULTS_DIR
for p in (os.path.join(d, MANIFEST_NAME),
os.path.join(d, "eval_results", MANIFEST_NAME)):
if os.path.isfile(p):
try:
m = json.load(open(p))
except Exception:
continue
if isinstance(m, dict) and m.get("tests"):
return m
return None
def score_against_manifest(results_dir: str = "",
manifest: dict | None = None) -> dict:
"""Score a candidate run against the frozen denominator.
denominator = len(manifest["tests"]) regardless of what the candidate emitted.
A manifest test the candidate never reported is injected as `not_run` (a
non-pass); a test the candidate invented is excluded. A module that crashed
on import therefore scores 0/full instead of vanishing.
"""
results_dir = results_dir or RESULTS_DIR
manifest = manifest or load_manifest(results_dir)
if not manifest:
return {}
expected = {t["name"]: t for t in manifest["tests"]}
got = {}
for mod, rec in _load_by_module(results_dir):
got[qualify_name(mod, str(rec.get("test", "")))] = rec
per_test, by_module = {}, {}
injected = 0
for name, meta in expected.items():
rec = got.get(name)
if rec is None:
status, msg = "not_run", "not_run: absent from the candidate's output"
injected += 1
else:
status, msg = _record_status(rec), str(rec.get("message", ""))
per_test[name] = {"status": status, "message": msg[:300]}
m = by_module.setdefault(meta.get("module", "?"),
{"total": 0, "passed": 0, "not_run": 0})
m["total"] += 1
m["passed"] += status == "passed"
m["not_run"] += status == "not_run"
unexpected = sorted(set(got) - set(expected))
total = len(expected)
passed = sum(1 for v in per_test.values() if v["status"] == "passed")
vlm_names = {a["name"] for a in manifest.get("vlm_assertions", [])}
vlm_total = len(vlm_names)
vlm_passed = sum(1 for n in vlm_names if per_test.get(n, {}).get("status") == "passed")
rule_total = total - vlm_total
rule_passed = passed - vlm_passed
for m in by_module.values():
m["pass_rate"] = round(m["passed"] / m["total"], 4) if m["total"] else 0.0
out = {
"scored_against": "manifest",
"manifest_sha": manifest.get("manifest_sha", ""),
"manifest_total": total,
"total": total,
"passed": passed,
"pass_rate": round(passed / total, 4) if total else 0.0,
"n_injected_not_run": injected,
"n_unexpected": len(unexpected),
"unexpected": unexpected[:50],
"rule": {"total": rule_total, "passed": rule_passed,
"pass_rate": round(rule_passed / rule_total, 4) if rule_total else 0.0},
"vlm": {"total": vlm_total, "passed": vlm_passed,
"pass_rate": round(vlm_passed / vlm_total, 4) if vlm_total else 0.0},
"by_module": by_module,
"per_test": per_test,
}
print(f"[score_against_manifest] sha={out['manifest_sha']} "
f"{passed}/{total} = {out['pass_rate']:.4f} "
f"(injected_not_run={injected} unexpected={len(unexpected)}) "
f"rule={rule_passed}/{rule_total} vlm={vlm_passed}/{vlm_total}")
return out
if __name__ == "__main__":
_fns = {"audit": and_audit, "lint": and_lint, "lint_sources": and_lint_sources,
"build_manifest": build_manifest}
_argv = sys.argv[1:]
if _argv[:1] == ["audit_depth"] and len(_argv) >= 2:
and_audit_depth(_argv[1], _argv[2] if len(_argv) >= 3 else "")
elif _argv[:1] == ["score"] and len(_argv) >= 2:
_m = load_manifest(_argv[2]) if len(_argv) >= 3 else load_manifest(_argv[1])
_out = score_against_manifest(_argv[1], _m)
if not _out:
print("no manifest found — cannot score against a fixed denominator",
file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
print(json.dumps(_out, ensure_ascii=False))
elif len(_argv) >= 2 and _argv[0] in _fns:
_fns[_argv[0]](_argv[1])
else:
print("usage: android_testgen_kit.py {audit|lint|lint_sources|build_manifest} <dir>\n"
" android_testgen_kit.py audit_depth <testgen_dir> [results_dir]\n"
" android_testgen_kit.py score <results_dir> [manifest_dir]")