Datasets:
Dataset card: add banner + spinning teaser GIF, JMD publication, structured sections
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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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pretty_name: DeepWheel
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tags:
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- engineering-design
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- wheel-design
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- cad
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- depth-estimation
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---
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## License
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**CC BY-NC 4.0** (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International).
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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pretty_name: DeepWheel
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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task_categories:
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- tabular-regression
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- image-to-3d
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tags:
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- engineering-design
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- automotive
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- wheel
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- wheel-design
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- 3d
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- mesh
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- cad
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- depth-estimation
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- surrogate-modeling
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- modal-analysis
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---
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<div align="center">
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<img src="assets/banner.png" alt="DeepWheel — generated 3D wheel designs" width="100%">
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</div>
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<h1 align="center">DeepWheel</h1>
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<p align="center"><b>Generating a 3D Synthetic Wheel Dataset for Design and Performance Evaluation</b></p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4069899"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/J.%20Mech.%20Des.-10.1115%2F1.4069899-2ea44f.svg" alt="Journal of Mechanical Design"></a>
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11347"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2504.11347-b31b1b.svg" alt="arXiv"></a>
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-CC--BY--NC%204.0-blue.svg" alt="License: CC-BY-NC 4.0">
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</p>
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<p align="center"><b>Published in ASME Journal of Mechanical Design</b> (2026) 148(5): 051702 · KAIST SmartDesignLab / Narnia Labs</p>
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---
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## Contents
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- [Overview](#overview)
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- [The data, qualitatively](#the-data-qualitatively)
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- [Dataset structure](#dataset-structure)
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- [Usage](#usage)
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- [Applications](#applications)
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- [Citation](#citation)
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- [License](#license)
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---
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## Overview
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> **DeepWheel** is a **synthetic automotive wheel** dataset for **design and performance evaluation**,
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> generated with a generative-AI framework: 2D renders are synthesized with **Stable Diffusion**, lifted to
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> 3D via **2.5D depth estimation + reconstruction**, and **structurally simulated** to extract engineering
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> performance. It provides **6,000+ photo-realistic images** and **900+ structurally-analyzed 3D models**,
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> each as multi-view images, depth maps, a reconstructed surface mesh, and a parametric CAD model, paired with
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> **performance labels** (mass and modal natural frequencies) — coupling **3D geometry ↔ performance** for
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> data-driven design, surrogate modelling, and image-to-3D research.
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<div align="center">
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<img src="assets/teaser.gif" alt="A generated wheel spinning about its axle" width="42%">
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<br><sub>A reconstructed wheel design, spinning about its axle.</sub>
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</div>
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| **Domain** | automotive wheels (rims) |
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| **Scale** | 6,000+ rendered images · 900+ structurally-analyzed 3D models |
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| **Modalities** | rendered images · depth maps · 3D meshes · CAD models |
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| **Performance labels** | mass · modal frequencies (Mode 7, Mode 11) |
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| **Paper** | *J. Mech. Des.* (2026) 148(5):051702 · [doi:10.1115/1.4069899](https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4069899) · [arXiv:2504.11347](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11347) |
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---
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## The data, qualitatively
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<div align="center">
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<img src="assets/banner.png" alt="Variety of generated wheel designs" width="100%">
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<br><sub><b>Generated wheel-design variety</b> — reconstructed 3D rim meshes spanning a range of spoke geometries.</sub>
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</div>
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---
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## Dataset structure
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```
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DeepWheel/
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├── 1_rendered_images.zip # multi-view renders of each design
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├── 2_predicted_depth_maps.zip # predicted depth maps
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├── 3_3D_recon_meshes.zip # reconstructed surface meshes (.stl)
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├── 4_3D_cad_models.zip # parametric CAD models
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├── deepwheel_sim_results.csv # performance labels (per design)
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└── readme.docx # official documentation (incl. file-matching instructions)
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```
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**Modalities**
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| Modality | File | Content |
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| Rendered images | `1_rendered_images/…` | multi-view RGB renders |
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| Depth maps | `2_predicted_depth_maps/…` | predicted per-view depth |
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| 3D meshes | `3_3D_recon_meshes/*.stl` | reconstructed surface meshes |
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| CAD models | `4_3D_cad_models/…` | parametric CAD geometry |
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| Performance labels | `deepwheel_sim_results.csv` | `file_name, Mass, Mode7 Freq, Mode11 Freq` |
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---
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## Usage
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```bash
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huggingface-cli download KAIST-SmartDesignLab/DeepWheel --repo-type dataset --local-dir DeepWheel
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cd DeepWheel && for f in *.zip; do unzip -q "$f"; done
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```
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```python
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import pandas as pd, trimesh
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labels = pd.read_csv("deepwheel_sim_results.csv").set_index("file_name")
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case = labels.index[0]
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mesh = trimesh.load(f"stl/{case}.stl") # reconstructed wheel
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mass, f7, f11 = labels.loc[case, ["Mass", "Mode7 Freq", "Mode11 Freq"]]
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```
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---
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## Applications
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- **Surrogate modelling** — predict mass and modal frequencies from 3D geometry or rendered views.
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- **Image-to-3D** — reconstruct wheel geometry from images / depth (paired renders + meshes + CAD).
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- **Generative & inverse design** — generate manufacturable wheel rims with target performance.
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- **Multimodal learning** — images ↔ depth ↔ mesh ↔ CAD ↔ performance.
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{deepwheel2026,
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title = {DeepWheel: Generating a 3D Synthetic Wheel Dataset for Design and Performance Evaluation},
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journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design},
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volume = {148},
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number = {5},
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pages = {051702},
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year = {2026},
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doi = {10.1115/1.4069899}
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}
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```
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---
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## License
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Released under **CC BY-NC 4.0** (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International). Use,
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modification, and redistribution are permitted for **non-commercial** purposes with attribution;
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commercial use of the dataset or derivative models is prohibited. See `readme.docx` and the paper
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([doi:10.1115/1.4069899](https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4069899)) for details. DeepWheel — KAIST Smart Design Lab / Narnia Labs.
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assets/banner.png
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Git LFS Details
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assets/teaser.gif
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Git LFS Details
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