| ===== Phrack Magazine presents Phrack 15 ===== |
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| ===== File 5 of 8 ===== |
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| GELLED FLAME FUELS |
| ------------------ |
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| A text phile typed by Elric of Imrryr from the book: |
| Improvised Munitions Handbook (TM 31-210), published |
| by the Dept of the Army, 1969. |
| All information is provided only for information purposes |
| only. Construction and/or use may violate local, state, and/or |
| federal laws. (Unless your name is Ollie North) |
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| Gelled or paste type fuels are often preferable to raw gasoline for |
| use in incendiary devices such as fire bottles. This type fuel adheres more |
| readily to the target and produces greater heat concentration. |
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| Several methods are shown for gelling gasoline using commonly |
| available materials. The methods are divided into the following categories |
| based on the major ingredient: |
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| 1. Lye Systems |
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| 2. Lye-Alcohol Systems |
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| 3. Soap-Alcohol Systems |
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| 4. Egg White Systems |
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| 6. Wax Systems |
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| Lye Systems |
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| Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in |
| combination with powdered rosin or castor oil to gel gasoline for use as a |
| flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. |
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| MATERIALS REQUIRED: |
| ------------------ |
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| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- |
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| 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle |
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| 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store |
| 1 (powder) making of soap |
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| 15 Rosin Manufacturing Paint store, chemical supply |
| Paint & Varnish house |
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| or |
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| Castor Oil Medicine Food and Drug stores |
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| PROCEDURE |
| --------- |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM |
| CONTAINER.) |
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| 2. IF rosin is in cake form, crush into small pieces. |
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| 3. Add rosin or castor oil to the gasoline and stir for about five minutes to |
| mix thoroughly. |
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| 4. In a second container (NOT ALUMINUM) add lye to an equal volume of water |
| slowly with stirring. |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | |
| |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mix and stir until mixture thickens (about |
| one minute). |
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| NOTE: The sample will eventually thicken to a very firm paste. This can be |
| thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. |
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| Lye-Alcohol Systems |
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| Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in |
| combination with alcohol and any of several fats to gel gasoline for use as a |
| flame fuel. |
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| MATERIALS REQUIRED: |
| ------------------ |
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| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- |
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| 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle |
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| 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store |
| 1 (powder) making of soap |
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| 3 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store |
| Medicine Drug store |
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| NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted |
| for ethyl alcohol, but their use produces softer gels. |
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| 14 Tallow Food Fats rendered by cooking the |
| Making of soap meat or suet of animals. |
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| NOTE: The following can be substituted for the tallow: |
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| (a) Wool grease (Lanolin) (very good) -- Fat extracted from sheep wool |
| (b) Castor Oil (good) |
| (c) Any vegetable oil (corn, cottonseed, peanut, linseed, etc.) |
| (d) Any fish oil |
| (e) Butter or oleo margarine |
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| It is necessary when using substitutes (c) to (e) to double the given amount |
| of fat and of lye for satisfactory body. |
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| PROCEDURE |
| --------- |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM |
| CONTAINER.) |
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| 2. Add tallow (or substitute) to the gasoline and stir for about 1/2 minute to |
| dissolve fat. |
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| 3. Add alcohol to the gasoline mixture. Mix thoroughly. |
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| 4. In a separate container (NOT ALUMINUM) slowly add lye to an equal volume of |
| water. Mixture should be stirred constantly while adding lye. |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | |
| |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mixture and stir occasionally until |
| thickened (about 1/2 hour) |
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| NOTE: The sample will eventually (1 to 2 days) thicken to a very firm paste. |
| This can be thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. |
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| Soap-Alcohol System |
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| Common household soap can be used in combination with alcohol to gel |
| gasoline for use as a flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. |
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| MATERIALS REQUIRED: |
| ------------------ |
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| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- |
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| 36 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle |
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| 1 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store |
| Medicine Drug store |
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| NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted |
| for ethyl alcohol. |
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| 20 (powdered) or Laundry soap Washing clothes Stores |
| 28 (flake) |
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| NOTE: Unless the word "soap" actually appears somewhere on the container or |
| wrapper, a washing compound is probably a detergent. THESE CAN NOT BE USED. |
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| PROCEDURE |
| --------- |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 1. If bar soap is used, carve into thin flakes using a knife. |
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| 2. Pour Alcohol and gasoline into a jar, bottle or other container and mix |
| thoroughly. |
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| 3. Add soap powder or flakes to gasoline-alcohol mix and stir occasionally |
| until thickened (about 15 minutes). |
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| Egg System |
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| The white of any bird egg can be used to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel. |
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| MATERIALS REQUIRED: |
| ------------------ |
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| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- |
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| 85 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle |
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| 14 Egg Whites Food Food store, farms |
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| Any one of the following |
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| 1 Table Salt Food, industrial Sea Water, Natural brine, |
| processes Food stores |
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| 3 Ground Coffee Food Food store |
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| 3 Dried Tea Food Food store |
| Leaves |
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| 3 Cocoa Food Food store |
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| 2 Sugar Food Food store |
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| 1 Saltpeter Pyrotechnics Drug store |
| (Niter) Explosives chemical supply store |
| (Potassium Matches |
| Nitrate) Medicine |
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| 1 Epsom salts Medicine Drug store, food store |
| industrial |
| processes |
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| 2 Washing soda Washing cleaner Food store |
| (Sal soda) Medicine Drug store |
| Photography Photo supply store |
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| 1 1/2 Baking soda Baking Food store |
| Manufacturing: Drug store |
| Beverages, |
| Mineral waters, |
| and Medicine |
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| 1 1/2 Aspirin Medicine Drug store |
| Food store |
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| PROCEDURE |
| --------- |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 1. Separate egg white from yolk. This can be done by breaking the egg into a |
| dish and carefully removing the yolk with a spoon. |
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| ______________________________________________________________________________ |
| |NOTE: DO NOT GET THE YELLOW EGG YOLK MIXED INTO THE EGG WHITE. If egg yolk| |
| |gets into the egg white, discard the egg. | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| 2. Pour egg white into a jar, bottle, or other container and add gasoline. |
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| 3. Add the salt (or other additive) to the mixture and stir occasionally until |
| gel forms (about 5 to 10 minutes). |
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| NOTE: A thicker flame fuel can be obtained by putting the capped jar in hot |
| (65 C) water for about 1/2 hour and then letting them cool to room |
| temperature. (DO NOT HEAT THE GELLED FUEL CONTAINING COFFEE). |
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| Wax System |
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| Any of several common waxes can be used to gel gasoline for use as a |
| flame fuel. |
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| MATERIALS REQUIRED: |
| ------------------ |
|
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| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- |
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| 80 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle |
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| 20 Wax Leather polish, Food store, drug store, |
| (Ozocerite, sealing wax, department store |
| Mineral wax, candles, |
| fossil wax, waxed paper, |
| ceresin wax furniture & |
| beeswax) floor waxes, |
| lithographing. |
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| PROCEDURE |
| --------- |
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| 1. Melt the wax and pour into jar or bottle which has been placed in a hot |
| water bath. |
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| 2. Add gasoline to the bottle. |
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| 3. When wax has completely dissolved in the gasoline, allow the water bath to |
| cool slowly to room temperature. |
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| NOTE: If a gel does not form, add additional wax (up to 40% by volume) and |
| repeat the above steps. If no gel forms with 40% wax, make a Lye solution by |
| dissolving a small amount of Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) in an equal amount of |
| water. Add this solution (1/2% by volume) to the gasoline wax mix and shake |
| bottle until a gel forms. |
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| Well, that's it, I omitted a few things because they where either redundant, |
| or more aimed toward battle field conditions. Be careful, don't get caught, |
| and have fun... |
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|
| Elric of Imrryr |
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