[DATASET] Add dataset card

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
 ---
+task_categories:
+- text-classification
+language:
+- en
+license: cc-by-4.0
+library_name: datasets
+tags:
+- vulnerability
+- cybersecurity
+- security
+- cve
+- mitre-attack
+- attack-techniques
 dataset_info:
   features:
   - name: id
@@ -38,3 +51,110 @@ configs:
   - split: test
     path: data/test-*
 ---
+
+# vulnerability-attack-techniques
+
+This dataset maps **1,207 CVEs** to **MITRE ATT&CK (Enterprise) techniques**, joining
+hand-curated mappings from the [MITRE Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)](https://ctid.mitre.org/)
+with vulnerability descriptions from
+[CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores).
+It is intended for training and evaluating models that suggest candidate ATT&CK
+techniques from a vulnerability description: CVSS tells you *how bad* a
+vulnerability is, CWE *what kind of flaw* it is — ATT&CK tells defenders *what
+adversary behavior to expect and detect*.
+
+Every label in the `techniques` column was written by an analyst following the CTID
+["Mapping ATT&CK to CVE for Impact" methodology](https://github.com/center-for-threat-informed-defense/attack_to_cve/blob/master/methodology.md),
+which assigns each CVE up to three kinds of techniques: an **exploitation
+technique** (how it is exploited), a **primary impact** (what exploitation
+directly yields), and a **secondary impact** (what the attacker can do next).
+
+## Label sources
+
+| `label_sources` | CVEs | Origin |
+|-----------------|------|--------|
+| `ctid_cve` | 788 | [attack_to_cve](https://github.com/center-for-threat-informed-defense/attack_to_cve) (2021), ATT&CK v9 era |
+| `ctid_kev` | 392 | [Mappings Explorer](https://center-for-threat-informed-defense.github.io/mappings-explorer/) KEV mappings, ATT&CK 16.1 |
+| both | 27 | |
+
+All technique IDs are normalized to **enterprise ATT&CK v19.1**: techniques revoked
+since the original mappings are remapped to their successor via the STIX
+`revoked-by` relationships (e.g. T1562 *Impair Defenses* → T1685 *Disable or
+Modify Tools*), and Mobile/ICS techniques are dropped (enterprise domain only).
+
+## ⚠️ `techniques` vs `techniques_derived`
+
+The `techniques_derived` column contains labels from the automatically derived
+CVE → CWE → CAPEC → ATT&CK chain maintained by
+[CVE2CAPEC](https://github.com/Galeax/CVE2CAPEC). **Do not train on this
+column.** Analysis of the chain shows a median fan-out of 4–20 techniques per
+CVE and top-frequency techniques (e.g. T1574.007 on 53% of 2024 CVEs) that are
+artifacts of the cross-framework table expansion, not descriptions of real
+adversary behavior. The column is included as:
+
+1. a candidate prior at inference time (restrict suggestions to techniques compatible with the CWE chain);
+2. a baseline that a trained model must beat;
+3. a comparison column for studying where the deterministic chain diverges from analyst judgment.
+
+The full source analysis is documented in the
+[VulnTrain documentation](https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/VulnTrain/blob/main/docs/attack-techniques-dataset.md).
+
+## Fields
+
+| Field | Type | Description |
+|-------|------|-------------|
+| `id` | string | CVE identifier |
+| `title` | string | Vulnerability title |
+| `description` | string | Vulnerability description in English (model input) |
+| `exploitation_techniques` | list[string] | CTID exploitation technique(s) |
+| `primary_impact` | list[string] | CTID primary impact technique(s) |
+| `secondary_impact` | list[string] | CTID secondary impact technique(s) |
+| `techniques` | list[string] | Union of all curated techniques — the training target |
+| `techniques_derived` | list[string] | CVE2CAPEC weak labels — **not** for training |
+| `label_sources` | list[string] | `ctid_cve` and/or `ctid_kev` |
+| `attack_version` | string | Enterprise ATT&CK version the IDs are normalized to |
+
+## Label statistics
+
+192 distinct techniques; 66 with at least 5 examples. Most CVEs carry 1–3
+techniques. Top techniques: T1190 *Exploit Public-Facing Application* (348),
+T1059 *Command and Scripting Interpreter* (262), T1203 *Exploitation for Client
+Execution* (213), T1068 *Exploitation for Privilege Escalation* (189).
+
+## Known limitations
+
+- **Size**: ~1,200 CVEs supports a proof-of-concept, not a production model.
+- **Selection bias**: both label sources over-represent exploited-in-the-wild
+  vulnerabilities (the KEV set by construction).
+- **Inherent task ceiling**: a CVE description describes a flaw, while ATT&CK
+  describes attacker behavior around it — even human annotators disagree on
+  such mappings. Models trained on this data should *suggest candidate
+  techniques for analyst review*, not produce authoritative mappings.
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+
+dataset = load_dataset("CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-techniques")
+
+for entry in dataset["train"].select(range(3)):
+    print(entry["id"], entry["techniques"], "-", entry["description"][:80])
+```
+
+## Licensing of upstream sources
+
+The CTID mappings are Apache-2.0. Descriptions come from
+[CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores)
+(CC BY 4.0). The `techniques_derived` column is derived from the GPLv3
+[CVE2CAPEC](https://github.com/Galeax/CVE2CAPEC) project. MITRE ATT&CK® is a
+registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; ATT&CK content is used in
+accordance with the [MITRE ATT&CK terms of use](https://attack.mitre.org/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use/).
+
+## References
+
+- [Vulnerability-Lookup](https://vulnerability.circl.lu) — the vulnerability data source
+- [VulnTrain](https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/VulnTrain) — generation pipeline (`vulntrain-dataset-attack-generation`)
+- [Methodology documentation](https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/VulnTrain/blob/main/docs/attack-techniques-dataset.md)
+- [MITRE CTID attack_to_cve](https://github.com/center-for-threat-informed-defense/attack_to_cve) and [Mappings Explorer](https://center-for-threat-informed-defense.github.io/mappings-explorer/)
+- [CVE2CAPEC](https://github.com/Galeax/CVE2CAPEC) by Galeax