---
license: cc-by-4.0
library_name: transformers
tags:
- text-to-sql
- code
- qwen3
- knowledge-distillation
datasets:
- birdsql/bird_mini_dev                  # Links to the official BIRD Mini-dev dataset
- craterlabs/struct-sql-data   # REPLACE this with your actual dataset ID
base_model:
- Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507
language:
- en
---

# Struct-SQL-8B: Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought

**Struct-SQL** is a specialized Text-to-SQL model based on [**Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507**](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507). It was trained using a novel Knowledge Distillation (KD) framework that transfers **structured reasoning** (Query Execution Plans) from a state-of-the-art teacher LLM (GPT-4o) to a smaller student model.

Unlike standard distillation methods that rely on unstructured Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Struct-SQL learns to generate a formal, logical blueprint (a query plan) before generating the final SQL. This approach significantly reduces syntactic errors and schema hallucinations.

📄 **Paper:** [Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought for Text-to-SQL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17053)
*(Accepted at Canadian AI Conference 2026)*


## Performance

On the **BIRD mini-dev** benchmark, Struct-SQL achieves an **Execution Accuracy (EX) of 45.0%**, outperforming standard unstructured CoT distillation baselines by **8.1 points**.

| Model | Distillation Method | Execution Accuracy (EX) |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Struct-SQL (Ours)** | **Structured QP-CoT** | **45.0%** |
| ReasonSQL Baseline | Unstructured CoT | 36.9% |
| FN-Gold Baseline | No Reasoning (SQL Only) | 34.3% |
| Base Student (Zero-shot) | None | 17.0% |

---
## Methodology

The model was trained on a curated dataset of **1,000 samples** generated by GPT-4o. The training data consists of:
1.  **Input:** Natural Language Question + Database Schema.
2.  **Output:** A structured **Query Execution Plan** (Reasoning) + Final **SQL Query**.

By forcing the model to explicitly plan the query execution (e.g., "Scan Table", "Filter by...", "Join with..."), the model learns the logical structure of SQL generation rather than just memorizing patterns.

---
## Usage

You can use this model with the `transformers` library. It expects the input to be formatted with a specific system prompt or structure if you want to elicit the query plan.

---
```python
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_id = "craterlabs/Struct-SQL"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id, 
    torch_dtype=torch.float16, 
    device_map="auto"
)

inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=1200)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
---
## Intended Use

Struct-SQL-4B is intended for **research and academic use** in tasks involving **Text-to-SQL generation** and **semantic parsing over relational databases**. The model is particularly suited for studying:

- Knowledge distillation techniques that leverage **structured intermediate representations**
- Explicit **query planning** as an alternative to unstructured chain-of-thought reasoning
- Error reduction in SQL generation, including syntactic validity and schema grounding
- Compact language models for complex reasoning under limited parameter budgets

The model is not optimized for direct deployment in production database systems without additional validation and safety constraints.

---
## Limitations

- Evaluation is confined to the SQLite-based BIRD benchmark
- The model may generate logically plausible but incorrect SQL for highly complex multi-hop queries

---
## Citation

```bibtex
@article{thaker2025knowledge,
  title={Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought for Text-to-SQL},
  author={Thaker, Khushboo and Bresler, Yony},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.17053},
  year={2025}
}
@inproceedings{thaker2026knowledge,
  title={Struct-SQL: Distilling Structured Reasoning for Small Text-to-SQL Models},
  author={Thaker, Khushboo and Bresler, Yony},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 39th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2026},
  note={To appear}
}