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- neuroscience
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- braindecode
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- convolutional
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---
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# FBLightConvNet
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LightConvNet from Ma, X et al (2023) .
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> **Architecture-only repository.**
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> `braindecode.models.FBLightConvNet` class. **No pretrained weights are
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> distributed here**
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> data
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> separately.
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## Quick start
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The signal-shape arguments above are
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## Documentation
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<https://braindecode.org/stable/generated/braindecode.models.FBLightConvNet.html>
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- Interactive browser with live instantiation:
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<https://huggingface.co/spaces/braindecode/model-explorer>
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- Source on GitHub: <https://github.com/braindecode/braindecode/blob/master/braindecode/models/fblightconvnet.py#L18>
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## Architecture description
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The block below is the rendered class docstring (parameters,
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references, architecture figure where available).
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<div class='bd-doc'><main>
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<p>LightConvNet from Ma, X et al (2023) [lightconvnet]_.</p>
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<span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:4px;background:#5cb85c;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;margin-right:4px;">Convolution</span><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:4px;background:#0072B2;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;margin-right:4px;">Filterbank</span>
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.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ma-Xinzhi/LightConvNet/refs/heads/main/network_architecture.png
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:align: center
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:alt: LightConvNet Neural Network
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A lightweight convolutional neural network incorporating temporal
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dependency learning and attention mechanisms. The architecture is
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designed to efficiently capture spatial and temporal features through
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specialized convolutional layers and **multi-head attention**.
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The network architecture consists of four main modules:
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1. **Spatial and Spectral Information Learning**:
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Applies filterbank and spatial convolutions.
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This module is followed by batch normalization and
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an activation function to enhance feature representation.
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2. **Temporal Segmentation and Feature Extraction**:
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Divides the processed data into non-overlapping temporal windows.
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Within each window, a variance-based layer extracts discriminative features,
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which are then log-transformed to stabilize variance before being
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passed to the attention module.
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3. **Temporal Attention Module**: Utilizes a multi-head attention
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mechanism with depthwise separable convolutions to capture dependencies
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across different temporal segments. The attention weights are normalized
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using softmax and aggregated to form a comprehensive temporal
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representation.
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4. **Final Layer**: Flattens the aggregated features and passes them
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through a linear layer to with kernel sizes matching the input
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dimensions to integrate features across different channels generate the
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final output predictions.
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Notes
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-----
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This implementation is not guaranteed to be correct and has not been checked
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by the original authors; it is a braindecode adaptation from the Pytorch
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source-code [lightconvnetcode]_.
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----------
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n_bands : int or None or list of tuple of int, default=8
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Number of frequency bands or a list of frequency band tuples. If a list of tuples is provided,
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each tuple defines the lower and upper bounds of a frequency band.
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n_filters_spat : int, default=32
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Number of spatial filters in the depthwise convolutional layer.
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n_dim : int, default=3
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Number of dimensions for the temporal reduction layer.
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stride_factor : int, default=4
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Stride factor used for reshaping the temporal dimension.
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activation : nn.Module, default=nn.ELU
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Activation function class to apply after convolutional layers.
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verbose : bool, default=False
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If True, enables verbose output during filter creation using mne.
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filter_parameters : dict, default={}
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Additional parameters for the FilterBankLayer.
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heads : int, default=8
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Number of attention heads in the multi-head attention mechanism.
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weight_softmax : bool, default=True
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If True, applies softmax to the attention weights.
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bias : bool, default=False
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If True, includes a bias term in the convolutional layers.
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----------
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.. [lightconvnet] Ma, X., Chen, W., Pei, Z., Liu, J., Huang, B., & Chen, J.
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(2023). A temporal dependency learning CNN with attention mechanism
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for MI-EEG decoding. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and
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Rehabilitation Engineering.
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.. [lightconvnetcode] Link to source-code:
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https://github.com/Ma-Xinzhi/LightConvNet
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.. rubric:: Hugging Face Hub integration
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automatically gain the ability to be pushed to and loaded from the
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Hugging Face Hub. Install with::
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**Pushing a model to the Hub:**
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from braindecode.models import FBLightConvNet
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# ... training code ...
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# Push to the Hub
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model.push_to_hub(
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repo_id="username/my-fblightconvnet-model",
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commit_message="Initial model upload",
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)
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**Loading a model from the Hub:**
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.. code::
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from braindecode.models import FBLightConvNet
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# Load pretrained model
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model = FBLightConvNet.from_pretrained("username/my-fblightconvnet-model")
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# Load with a different number of outputs (head is rebuilt automatically)
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model = FBLightConvNet.from_pretrained("username/my-fblightconvnet-model", n_outputs=4)
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**Extracting features and replacing the head:**
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.. code::
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import torch
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x = torch.randn(1, model.n_chans, model.n_times)
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# Extract encoder features (consistent dict across all models)
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out = model(x, return_features=True)
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features = out["features"]
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# Replace the classification head
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model.reset_head(n_outputs=10)
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**Saving and restoring full configuration:**
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.. code::
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import json
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config = model.get_config() # all __init__ params
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with open("config.json", "w") as f:
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json.dump(config, f)
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model2 = FBLightConvNet.from_config(config) # reconstruct (no weights)
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All model parameters (both EEG-specific and model-specific such as
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dropout rates, activation functions, number of filters) are automatically
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saved to the Hub and restored when loading.
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See :ref:`load-pretrained-models` for a complete tutorial.</main>
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</div>
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## Citation
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*References* section above) and braindecode:
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```bibtex
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@article{aristimunha2025braindecode,
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- neuroscience
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- braindecode
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- convolutional
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---
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# FBLightConvNet
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LightConvNet from Ma, X et al (2023) [lightconvnet].
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> **Architecture-only repository.** Documents the
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> `braindecode.models.FBLightConvNet` class. **No pretrained weights are
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> distributed here.** Instantiate the model and train it on your own
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> data.
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## Quick start
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)
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```
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The signal-shape arguments above are illustrative defaults — adjust to
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match your recording.
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## Documentation
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- Full API reference: <https://braindecode.org/stable/generated/braindecode.models.FBLightConvNet.html>
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- Interactive browser (live instantiation, parameter counts):
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<https://huggingface.co/spaces/braindecode/model-explorer>
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- Source on GitHub: <https://github.com/braindecode/braindecode/blob/master/braindecode/models/fblightconvnet.py#L18>
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## Architecture
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## Parameters
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| Parameter | Type | Description |
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| `n_bands` | int or None or list of tuple of int, default=8 | Number of frequency bands or a list of frequency band tuples. If a list of tuples is provided, each tuple defines the lower and upper bounds of a frequency band. |
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| `n_filters_spat` | int, default=32 | Number of spatial filters in the depthwise convolutional layer. |
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| `n_dim` | int, default=3 | Number of dimensions for the temporal reduction layer. |
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| `stride_factor` | int, default=4 | Stride factor used for reshaping the temporal dimension. |
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| `activation` | nn.Module, default=nn.ELU | Activation function class to apply after convolutional layers. |
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| `verbose` | bool, default=False | If True, enables verbose output during filter creation using mne. |
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| `filter_parameters` | dict, default={} | Additional parameters for the FilterBankLayer. |
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| `heads` | int, default=8 | Number of attention heads in the multi-head attention mechanism. |
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| `weight_softmax` | bool, default=True | If True, applies softmax to the attention weights. |
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| `bias` | bool, default=False | If True, includes a bias term in the convolutional layers. |
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## References
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1. Ma, X., Chen, W., Pei, Z., Liu, J., Huang, B., & Chen, J. (2023). A temporal dependency learning CNN with attention mechanism for MI-EEG decoding. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.
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2. Link to source-code: https://github.com/Ma-Xinzhi/LightConvNet
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## Citation
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Cite the original architecture paper (see *References* above) and braindecode:
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```bibtex
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@article{aristimunha2025braindecode,
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