Add DecoderTCR V0.3 weights (nested layout) + MIT model card
Browse files- DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/300M.ckpt +3 -0
- DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/600M.ckpt +3 -0
- DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/6B.ckpt +3 -0
- DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/3B_DecoderTCR.ckpt +3 -0
- DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/650M_DecoderTCR.ckpt +3 -0
- LICENSE +21 -0
- README.md +42 -163
DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/300M.ckpt
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DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/600M.ckpt
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DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/6B.ckpt
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DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/3B_DecoderTCR.ckpt
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DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/650M_DecoderTCR.ckpt
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LICENSE
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MIT License
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Copyright (c) 2026 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
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SOFTWARE.
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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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---
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# DecoderTCR
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DecoderTCR is a protein language model for T-cell receptor (TCR) & peptide-MHC complexes. The model is based on the ESM2 model family.
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The
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##
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- Token embedding dimension: *d* (e.g., 1280)
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- Learned positional embeddings
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- Vocabulary includes:
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- 20 standard amino acids
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- Special tokens (mask, padding, BOS/EOS, unknown)
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- Number of layers: *L* (e.g., 33)
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- Hidden dimension: *d*
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- Number of attention heads: *h* (e.g., 20)
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- Multi-head self-attention:
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- Full-sequence, bidirectional attention
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- Feed-forward network:
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- Intermediate dimension ≈ 4× *d*
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- Activation function: GELU
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- Layer normalization: Pre-LayerNorm
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- Residual connections around attention and feed-forward blocks
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| ESM2-650M | ~650M | 33 | 1280 | 20 |
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| ESM2-3B | ~3B | 36 | 2560 | 40 |
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### Model Card Authors
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Ben Lai
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### Primary Contact Email
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Ben Lai ben.lai@czbiohub.org
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To submit feature requests or report issues with the model, please open an issue on [the GitHub repository](https://github.com/czbiohub-chi/DecoderTCR).
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### System Requirements
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- Compute Requirements: GPU
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## Intended Use
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### Primary Use Cases
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The DecoderTCR models are designed for the following primary use cases:
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1. **TCR-pMHC Binding Prediction**: Predict the interaction between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and peptide-MHC complexes
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2. **Interaction Scoring**: Calculate interface energy scores for TCR-pMHC interactions
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3. **Sequence Analysis**: Analyze TCR sequences and their interactions with specific peptides
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4. **Immunology Research**: Support research in adaptive immunity, T-cell recognition, and antigen presentation
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The models are particularly useful for:
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- Identifying potential TCR-peptide binding pairs
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- Screening TCR sequences for specific antigen recognition
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- Understanding the molecular basis of T-cell recognition
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- Supporting vaccine design and immunotherapy development
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### Out-of-Scope or Unauthorized Use Cases
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Do not use the model for the following purposes:
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- Use that violates applicable laws, regulations (including trade compliance laws), or third party rights such as privacy or intellectual property rights
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- Any use that is prohibited by the [MIT license](https://github.com/czbiohub-chi/DecoderTCR/blob/main/LICENSE) and [Acceptable Use Policy](https://virtualcellmodels.cziscience.com/acceptable-use-policy).
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- Clinical diagnosis or treatment decisions without proper validation
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- Direct use in patient care without appropriate clinical validation and regulatory approval
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- Use for purposes that could cause harm to individuals or groups
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The models are research tools and should not be used as the sole basis for clinical or diagnostic decisions.
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## Training Data
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The models are trained with multi-component large-scale protein sequence databases. The training data consists of:
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- **TCR sequences**: Observerd T-cell Space(OTS) for paired $\alpha/\beta$ TCR sequences.
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- **Peptide-MHC sequences**: MHC Motif Atlas for peptide-MHC ligandomes and high confidence synthetic interactions via MixMHCpred predictions.
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- **Paired TCR-pMHC Interactions**: VDJdb for paired TCR-pMHC interaction data.
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## Continual Pre-training Strategy
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This model is trained using a **continual pre-training curriculum** that adapts a pretrained ESM2 backbone to new protein domains while preserving previously learned representations.
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### Overview
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Continual pre-training proceeds in **multiple stages**, each leveraging different data regimes and masking strategies:
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- Stage 1 emphasize **abundant marginal sequence data**, encouraging robust component-level representations.
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- Stage 2 incorporate **scarcer, structured, or interaction-rich data**, refining conditional dependencies without overwriting earlier knowledge.
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The architecture, tokenizer, and objective remain unchanged throughout training; only the data distribution and masking strategy evolve.
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### Stage 1: Component-Level Adaptation
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In the first stage, the model is further pretrained on large collections of unpaired or weakly structured protein sequences relevant to the target domain.
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- **Objective:** Masked Language Modeling (MLM)
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- **Masking:** Component- or region-aware masking schedules that upweight functionally relevant positions
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- **Purpose:**
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- Adapt the pretrained ESM2 representations to the target protein subspace
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- Learn domain-specific sequence statistics while retaining general protein knowledge
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This stage acts as a regularizer, anchoring learning in large-scale marginal data before introducing more complex dependencies.
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### Stage 2: Conditional / Interaction-Aware Refinement
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In subsequent stages, the model is continually trained on **structured or paired sequences** that encode higher-order dependencies (e.g., interactions between protein regions or components).
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- **Objective:** Masked Language Modeling (MLM)
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- **Masking:** Joint masking across interacting regions to encourage cross-context conditioning
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- **Purpose:**
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- Refine conditional relationships learned from limited paired data
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- Align representations across components without degrading Stage 1 task performance
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## Biases, Risks, and Limitations
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### Potential Biases
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- The model may reflect biases present in the training data, including:
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- Overrepresentation of certain HLA alleles or peptide types
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- Limited diversity in TCR sequences from specific populations
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- Bias toward well-studied antigen systems
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- Certain TCR clonotypes or peptide types may be underrepresented in training data
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### Risks
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Areas of risk may include but are not limited to:
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- **Inaccurate predictions**: The model may produce incorrect binding predictions, especially for novel sequences or rare HLA-peptide combinations
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- **Overconfidence**: The model may assign high confidence to predictions that are actually uncertain
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- **Biological misinterpretation**: Users may misinterpret model outputs as definitive biological facts rather than predictions
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- **Clinical misuse**: Use in clinical settings without proper validation could lead to incorrect treatment decisions
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### Limitations
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- **Sequence length**: The model has limitations on maximum sequence length (typically ~1024 tokens)
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- **Novel sequences**: Performance may degrade on sequences very different from training data
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- **HLA diversity**: Limited training data for rare HLA alleles may affect prediction accuracy
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- **Context dependency**: The model may not capture all biological context (e.g., post-translational modifications, cellular environment)
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- **Computational requirements**: GPU is recommended for optimal performance
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### Caveats and Recommendations
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- **Review and validate outputs**: Always review and validate model predictions, especially for critical applications
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- **Experimental validation**: Model predictions should be validated experimentally before use in research or clinical contexts
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- **Uncertainty awareness**: Be aware that predictions are probabilistic and may have uncertainty
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- **Domain expertise**: Use the model in conjunction with domain expertise in immunology and T-cell biology
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- **Version tracking**: Keep track of which model version and checkpoint you are using
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We are committed to advancing the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence. Please follow our [Acceptable Use Policy](/acceptable-use-policy) when engaging with our services.
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Should you have any security or privacy issues or questions related to the services, please reach out to our team at security@chanzuckerberg.com or privacy@chanzuckerberg.com respectively.
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## Acknowledgements
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This model builds upon:
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- **ESM2** by Meta AI (Facebook Research) for the base protein language model
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- The broader computational biology and immunology research communities
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Special thanks to the developers and contributors of the ESM models and the open-source tools that made this work possible.
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---
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license: mit
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library_name: pytorch
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pipeline_tag: other
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tags:
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- protein
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- tcr
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- tcr-pmhc
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- immunology
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- esm-c
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- esm2
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- masked-language-model
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---
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# DecoderTCR V0.3
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TCR–pMHC binding scoring by masked-language-model pseudo-log-likelihood (PLL), on ESM-2 and
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ESM-C backbones. Given a TCR (V/J genes + CDR3) paired with an HLA allele and a peptide, the
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models score how well the TCR is predicted to bind the peptide–MHC.
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This repository hosts **model weights only**. The code, loader, and prediction CLIs live in the
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DecoderTCR package; weights are fetched into the expected paths by its `download_weights.py`
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script — you do not load these checkpoints with `transformers`.
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## Models
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| File | Registry name | Backbone | Params | Version | Notes |
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|------|---------------|----------|--------|---------|-------|
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| `DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/600M.ckpt` | `DecoderTCR-C_600M` | ESM-C | 600M | V0.3 | **default**, runs on ≤24 GB GPUs |
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| `DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/300M.ckpt` | `DecoderTCR-C_300M` | ESM-C | 300M | V0.3 | lightest ESM-C |
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| `DecoderTCR-C-V0.3/6B.ckpt` | `DecoderTCR-C_6B` | ESM-C | 6B | V0.3 | larger variant (80 GB GPU) |
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| `DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/650M_DecoderTCR.ckpt` | `DecoderTCR_650M` | ESM-2 | 650M | V0.1 | paper reproduction |
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| `DecoderTCR-ESM2-V0.1/3B_DecoderTCR.ckpt` | `DecoderTCR_3B` | ESM-2 | 3B | V0.1 | paper reproduction |
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The V0.3 ESM-C line (`DecoderTCR-C`) is the current default; the V0.1 ESM-2 line is kept for
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paper reproduction and backward compatibility.
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## Usage
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Get the DecoderTCR code, then fetch weights (they download into these same nested paths):
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```bash
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uv sync
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uv run python scripts/download_weights.py # all models
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uv run python scripts/download_weights.py -m DecoderTCR-C_600M # just the default
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```
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```python
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from DecoderTCR.utils.model_zoo import load
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model, n_layers = load() # default = DecoderTCR-C_600M
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```
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## License
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MIT (see [`LICENSE`](LICENSE)). The bundled backbones are also MIT: ESM-2 (Meta) and the
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Chan Zuckerberg Biohub ESM-C release (https://github.com/Biohub/esm). The released checkpoints
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contain the full fine-tuned weights and are distributed under the MIT license.
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