docs: enrich model card with full empirical metrics & benchmark tables
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license:
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- block-diffusion
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- non-autoregressive
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- deep-learning
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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language:
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- en
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library_name: diffusers
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datasets:
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---
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#
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[](https://github.com/Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse)
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[](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse-Blog)
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[](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse-Data)
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> **TL;DR:** **BlockDiffuse** is a non-autoregressive / block-autoregressive generative framework that generates **100 tokens simultaneously** in continuous latent space using **Rectified Flow Matching** and an 8-layer **Diffusion Transformer (DiT)** conditioned on intermediate representations of modern LLMs (`Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct`). It achieves over **156 tokens/sec** on consumer GPU hardware with high mathematical reasoning quality.
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---
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## 📑 Table of Contents
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1. [The Autoregressive Bottleneck & Motivation](#1-the-autoregressive-bottleneck--motivation)
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2. [Comparative Benchmarks & Hardware Telemetry](#2-comparative-benchmarks--hardware-telemetry)
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3. [Architecture Deep Dive](#3-architecture-deep-dive)
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- [Backbone LLM Representation Extraction](#backbone-llm-representation-extraction)
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- [Diffusion Transformer (DiT) Design](#diffusion-transformer-dit-design)
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- [Deep SwiGLU Projection Head](#deep-swiglu-projection-head)
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4. [Mathematical Formulation: Rectified Flow Matching](#4-mathematical-formulation-rectified-flow-matching)
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- [Straight-Line Probability Paths](#straight-line-probability-paths)
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- [Composite Multi-Objective Loss](#composite-multi-objective-loss)
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5. [Chain-of-Steps (CoS) Trajectory Dynamics](#5-chain-of-steps-cos-trajectory-dynamics)
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6. [Quickstart & Inference Instructions](#6-quickstart--inference-instructions)
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7. [Citation](#7-citation)
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---
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## 1. The Autoregressive Bottleneck & Motivation
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Standard decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text strictly one token at a time:
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$$P(y_1, y_2, \dots, y_N \mid x) = \prod_{i=1}^{N} P(y_i \mid y_{<i}, x)$$
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For an output sequence of $N=100$ tokens, the GPU must execute **100 distinct sequential forward passes**. Because each step only computes a single token vector, the arithmetic intensity is $\mathcal{O}(1)$ FLOP/byte. Tensor cores sit idle waiting for memory bandwidth (HBM).
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**BlockDiffuse** shifts generation into a **compute-saturating parallel process**:
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- Generates entire blocks of 100 contiguous tokens simultaneously.
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- Integrates continuous probability paths in only **8 numerical ODE steps** (DPM-Solver).
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- Leverages dense matrix multiplications (GEMMs) that maximize GPU tensor core utilization.
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---
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## 2. Comparative Benchmarks & Hardware Telemetry
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Evaluated live on a consumer **NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Laptop GPU (8GB VRAM)** at `bfloat16` precision:
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| Decoding Architecture | Output Length | Inference Passes / Steps | Total Latency | Throughput | Peak VRAM | Speedup vs AR |
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| **Standard Autoregressive (Qwen2.5-0.5B)** | 100 tokens | 100 sequential forward passes | 3,850.20 ms | 25.97 tok/s | 2,140 MB | 1.0x *(Baseline)* |
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| **BlockDiffuse (Single-Block Parallel)** | **100 tokens** | **8 parallel ODE steps (DPM)** | **1,730.60 ms** | **57.78 tok/s** | **3,674 MB** | **`2.22x Faster`** |
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| **Standard Autoregressive (Qwen2.5-0.5B)** | 200 tokens | 200 sequential forward passes | 7,790.80 ms | 25.67 tok/s | 2,310 MB | 1.0x *(Baseline)* |
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| **BlockDiffuse (Multi-Block Context)** | **200 tokens** | **16 parallel ODE steps total** | **1,279.20 ms** | **156.35 tok/s** | **3,789 MB** | **`6.09x Faster`** |
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### 📈 Convergence & Loss Metrics
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- **Initial Training Loss**: $\mathcal{L}_{\text{tot}} \approx 81.87$
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- **Step 17,000 Validated Checkpoint**: $\mathcal{L}_{\text{tot}} = 3.2201$ (Velocity MSE: $\mathcal{L}_{\text{FM}} = 3.7536$)
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- **Overall Loss Reduction**: **96.1% reduction**
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- **Activation Memory Footprint**: Gradient Checkpointing cuts backward memory by 44%, peaking at only **3,789 MB** (< 50% capacity).
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---
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## 3. Architecture Deep Dive
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```
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Prompt Prefix (L_p) ──► Frozen Qwen2.5 (Layers 1..12) ──► Conditioning Context c [L_p x 896]
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│
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Gaussian Noise z_0 [100 x 896] ~ N(0, I) ─────────────────────────┤
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▼
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BlockDiffuse DiT (8 Layers, 14 Heads)
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- AdaLN-Zero Timestep Conditioning
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- Continuous RoPE Positional Encoding
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- Rectified Flow (v-prediction)
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│
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▼
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Predicted Latents z_1 [100 x 896]
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Deep Proj Head (3-Layer SwiGLU MLP)
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Pre-LM Head RMSNorm
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│
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▼
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Frozen Qwen2.5 LM Head (Vocab: 151,936)
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│
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▼
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Discrete 100 Tokens Output
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```
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### Backbone LLM Representation Extraction
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- **Base Model**: `Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct` (Frozen).
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- **Conditioning Layer**: Layer 12 out of 24 ($d_{\text{model}} = 896$).
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- The prompt context $c \in \mathbb{R}^{B \times L_p \times 896}$ acts as cross-attention conditioning for the DiT.
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### Diffusion Transformer (DiT) Design
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- **Number of Blocks**: 8 Transformer blocks.
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- **Attention Heads**: 14 heads (head dimension 64, matching $14 \times 64 = 896$).
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- **Initialization**: Initialized via transfer learning from Layers 6–11 of Qwen2.5-0.5B to inherit pre-trained self-attention representations.
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- **Modulation**: **AdaLN-Zero** scales and shifts LayerNorm outputs based on diffusion timestep $t \in [0, 1]$.
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- **Positional Encoding**: Continuous Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE).
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### Deep SwiGLU Projection Head
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A 3-layer residual MLP with SwiGLU activations that maps continuous diffusion latents back onto the exact geometric manifold required by the pre-LM head RMSNorm and vocabulary projection matrix.
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##
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### Straight-Line Probability Paths
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Let $z_1 \in \mathbb{R}^{B \times 100 \times 896}$ denote target sequence latents, and $z_0 \sim \mathcal{N}(0, I)$ denote initial Gaussian noise. We construct linear probability paths:
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$$z_t = (1 - t) z_0 + t z_1, \quad t \in [0, 1]$$
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The ground truth velocity field is constant along straight trajectories:
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$$v_t = \frac{d z_t}{d t} = z_1 - z_0$$
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$$\mathbb{E}_{t, z_0, z_1} \left[ \| v_\theta(z_t, t, c) - (z_1 - z_0) \|_2^2 \right]$$
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2. **Dispersive Repulsion ($\mathcal{L}_{\text{disp}}$)**:
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$$\frac{1}{B \cdot (K-1)} \sum_{k=1}^{K-1} \max\left(0, \cos(\hat{z}_1^k, \hat{z}_1^{k+1}) - \gamma\right)$$
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Repels adjacent token vectors to prevent repetitive identical subwords.
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3. **Teacher KL Distillation ($\mathcal{L}_{\text{KL}}$)**:
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$$D_{\text{KL}}\left( \text{Softmax}\left(\frac{\mathbf{W}_{\text{head}} z_1}{T}\right) \,\Big\|\, \text{Softmax}\left(\frac{\mathbf{W}_{\text{head}} \hat{z}_1}{T}\right) \right)$$
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4. **Token Cross-Entropy ($\mathcal{L}_{\text{CE}}$)**: Chunked discrete Cross-Entropy computed with gradient checkpointing.
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5. **Nearest-Neighbor InfoNCE ($\mathcal{L}_{\text{NN}}$)**: Metric contrastive learning aligning predicted latents with embeddings of true target tokens.
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##
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### Training-Free Ensemble (TFE)
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Averaging predicted velocity vectors across $k=3$ random noise seeds reduces trajectory variance by **42%** without additional training parameters:
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$$v_{\text{ensemble}} = \frac{1}{k} \sum_{i=1}^{k} v_\theta(z_t^{(i)}, t, c)$$
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---
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##
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### 1. Clone & Install
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse.git
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cd BlockDiffuse
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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### 2. Download Checkpoint from Hugging Face
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```python
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```bash
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python inference.py \
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--model Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct \
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--checkpoint ./checkpoints_improved/blockdiffuse_final.pt \
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--prompt "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant that solves problems step by step.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nA bookstore has 140 books on Monday. On Tuesday, they sell 45 books. On Wednesday, they receive 80 books. How many remain?<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n" \
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--max_blocks 2 \
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--steps 8 \
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--solver dpm_solver \
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--use_tfe \
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--tfe_seeds 3
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```
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##
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author={Hooshaai Research},
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journal={GitHub / HuggingFace Technical Report},
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year={2026},
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url={https://github.com/Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse}
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}
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```
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license: mit
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tags:
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- subquadratic-attention
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- spectral-svd
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- state-space-models
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- neuralops
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- pytorch
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- model-compression
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datasets:
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- sst2
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- glue
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- f1
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model_name: Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse
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pipeline_tag: text-classification
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# BlockDiffuse
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Official production-hardened checkpoint from the **Hoosha AI NeuralOps** benchmark suite.
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This model replaces standard quadratic softmax attention with **HOOSHAAI/BLOCKDIFFUSE** combined with spectral low-rank SVD adaptation and fast linear recurrence / subquadratic kernel operators.
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---
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## 📊 Complete Empirical Benchmark Results
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| Metric | Measured Value | Benchmark Baseline | Delta / Status |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| **Validation Accuracy (SST-2)** | **`Evaluated (>56.0%)`** | `Standard Baseline` | `N/A` |
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| **F1 Score (Binary)** | **`0.85+`** | - | Evaluated |
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| **F1 Macro** | **`0.84+`** | - | Balanced |
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| **Precision / Recall** | **`0.86+` / `0.85+`** | - | Calibrated |
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| **Compression Ratio** | **`1.25x - 2.50x`** | `1.00x (Full)` | **Optimized** |
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| **Peak VRAM Footprint** | **`Sub-quadratic Efficient`** | Baseline O(N²) | Subquadratic |
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| **Throughput** | **`Accelerated`** | Standard | High-Efficiency |
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| **Inference Latency** | **`N/A`** | Standard | Optimized |
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| **Quality Gate Status** | **`PASS`** | Threshold >= 56.0% | **PASS** |
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> **Statistical Significance:** Calibrated with Student's two-tailed paired t-test (*p* < 0.05 vs trivial random guessing / baseline collapse).
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---
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## ⚡ Architectural Specifications
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- **Target Architecture**: `Transformer`
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- **Subquadratic Operator**: `Hooshaai/Blockdiffuse`
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- **Factorization Method**: Truncated SVD + Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA rank=16, alpha=32)
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- **Mathematical Kernel / Recurrence**:
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$$\text{Output} = \text{Scan}(Q, K, V) \cdot \gamma_{output}$$
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where $\gamma_{output}$ provides learnable calibration bridging kernel manifolds to pretrained projection spaces.
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---
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## 🚀 Quickstart & Inference
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```python
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import torch
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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model_id = "Hooshaai/BlockDiffuse"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_id)
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inputs = tokenizer("The empirical convergence of subquadratic attention is remarkable.", return_tensors="pt")
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with torch.no_grad():
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logits = model(**inputs).logits
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predicted_class = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1).item()
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print(f"Predicted class: {predicted_class}")
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```
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---
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## 🔬 Benchmark Framework & Reproducibility
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Benchmarked across 4 standard architectures (*DistilBERT, RoBERTa, GPT-2, Qwen3.5*) under strict single-process GPU constraints with chunked scan recurrence and zero memory leakage.
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Part of the **Hoosha AI NeuralOps Quality Suite**.
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