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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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pipeline_tag: text-to-image
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---
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# ShellD (Shell Diffusion)
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**Small DiT-based Text-to-Image Latent Diffusion Model**
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ShellD is a lightweight text-to-image model that generates **256Γ256** images from natural language prompts. It uses a Diffusion Transformer (DiT) backbone operating in a compact VAE latent space, making it feasible to train and run on consumer GPUs.
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---
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## Model Architecture
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```
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Text Prompt β [MiniLM-L6-v2 (frozen)] β Text Embedding (384-d)
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β
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Random Noise β [VAE Encoder] β Latent (16ch) β [DiT (12 blocks)] β Denoised Latent β [VAE Decoder] β 256Γ256 Image
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```
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| Component | Details | Params |
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|-----------|---------|--------|
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| **Text Encoder** | `sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2` (frozen) | 22.71M |
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| **VAE** | Encoder + Decoder with residual blocks, 3 down/up stages, latent dim=16 | 23.43M |
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| **DiT** | 12-layer Transformer with self-attention, cross-attention (text), and adaptive timestep conditioning. Patch size=4, hidden dim=256, 8 heads | 20.80M |
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| **Total** | | **66.95M** (trainable: **44.23M**) |
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### VAE (Autoencoder)
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The VAE compresses 256Γ256 RGB images into a **16-channel latent** with spatial size 32Γ32 (downsampled by 8Γ). It uses residual blocks with GroupNorm and SiLU activations. During training, a small KL penalty keeps latents close to a standard normal distribution.
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### DiT (Diffusion Transformer)
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The DiT operates on patched latents (patch size 4 β 8Γ8 = 64 patches). Each block includes:
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- **Self-attention** for spatial relationships
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- **Cross-attention** conditioned on text embeddings
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- **Adaptive timestep conditioning** via an MLP-projected sinusoidal embedding
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### Diffusion Process
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Standard DDPM (Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model) with 1000 timesteps, cosine-like linear beta schedule (Ξ²β=1eβ4, Ξ²α΅=0.02). The model is trained to predict the added noise Ξ΅.
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---
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## Training
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- **Dataset**: Midjourney v5 202304 Clean (~20K image-text pairs, with procedural fallback)
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- **Image size**: 256Γ256
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- **Batch size**: 8
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- **Optimizer**: Adam (Ξ²β=0.9, Ξ²β=0.999, lr=1eβ4)
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- **LR schedule**: Linear warmup (500 steps) + Cosine annealing
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- **Gradient clipping**: 1.0
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- **Mixed precision**: FP16 via GradScaler
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- **VAE pretraining**: 1 epoch of reconstruction + KL loss (lr=1eβ3) before diffusion training
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### Training Phases
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1. **VAE Pretraining** β Train encoder + decoder on image reconstruction to establish a meaningful latent space.
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2. **DiT Diffusion Training** β Freeze VAE, train DiT to denoise latents conditioned on text embeddings.
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---
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## Usage
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### Requirements
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```bash
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pip install torch safetensors sentence-transformers pillow numpy huggingface-hub
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```
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### Inference (standalone β loads from Hugging Face)
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```python
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from inference import ShellDInference
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pipe = ShellDInference("FlameF0X/ShellD")
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image = pipe.generate("a serene lake surrounded by mountains")
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image.save("output.png")
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```
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`ShellDInference` will automatically download the weights from Hugging Face using `huggingface_hub` on first use, then cache them locally.
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See [`inference.py`](./inference.py) for the complete standalone inference script.
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---
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## Model Files
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| File | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `config.json` | Model hyperparameters (ShellDConfig) |
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| `model.safetensors` | All weights: VAE, DiT, and text encoder |
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### Loading the weights manually
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
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from safetensors.torch import load_file
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import json
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model_path = snapshot_download("FlameF0X/ShellD")
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with open(f"{model_path}/config.json") as f:
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config = json.load(f)
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state_dict = load_file(f"{model_path}/model.safetensors")
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print(state_dict.keys()) # prefixed: vae.*, dit.*, text_encoder.*
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```
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---
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## Intended Use
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- Educational exploration of diffusion transformers
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- Lightweight text-to-image generation on consumer hardware
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- Starting point for fine-tuning on custom datasets
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## Limitations
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- 256Γ256 resolution only (no upscaling built in)
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- Limited prompt understanding due to small DiT and frozen lightweight text encoder
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- Procedural training data substitutes real images β quality depends on the real/fine-tuned checkpoints
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---
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